Wireless Future - Telenor

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Multi-mode Terminal by Software Radio Figure 7 All encompassing, integrated perspective [2] 26 IMT-2000 4G Figure 6 NTT DoCoMo’s Public systems [7] Macro Cell Adaptive Array Antenna Wireless Entrance Link Optical Entrance Link Macro Cell Later, in September 99, in the scope of the consultation towards the IST Workprogramme 2001, the Commission organised a one day workshop which covered, amongst other topics, 4G. The fact that a cellular approach does not scale well under heavy multimedia traffic – the cellular breakdown [12] – and the expected increase of M2M communications, both low data rate and massive data exchange, suggest self-deployed, ad hoc networks as a way to break the infrastructure cost barrier, and of more dynamically sharing unlicensed spectrum. Furthermore, the necessarily partial, even spotty coverage, will require seamless public/private hand-over. Broadcasting is also targeted to fully exploit traffic asymmetry. One of the issues that 4G is expected to resolve is that standards are not designed with interoperability in mind [13], and so the focus should be on integration with and interoperability across existing systems. Main motivations for 4G are cost savings, resource management for sustainability, automation, user-friendliness and rightvalue services. Satellite S-UMTS Satellite Broadband DVB-S High Altitude Platform DVB-T DVB EDGE Broadcasting GPRS UMTS++ GSM UMTS Cellular 5) www.cordis.lu/ist/ka4/mobile/2concerta.htm Reconfigurable Radio Fourth Generation More recently, in the scope of the concertation activities of the IST Mobile Domain 5) , the EC organised a mini-workshop on issues like Spontaneous Communications [14], ad hoc networking and Ultra Wideband Communications [15], as they are seen as some of the new technology elements of 4G. Further activities are planned that will keep the pressure on to flesh out the concept, and identify the research priorities in this area (see Section VI). V An All-encompassing Perspective of 4G After the short review above, it is time now to present our broader, all-encompassing perspective of 4G, focusing on the User, no longer on the operators or network providers [16], and paying due attention to private, unlicensed use. A Based upon IP and Reconfigurable Radio Challenging a fundamental premise of telecommunications as we know it, the user will no longer be “owned” by any operator [17]: the users, or their smart agents, will select at each instant, according to the user profile, the best system available capable of providing the performance required by the application. 4G will encompass all systems, from heterogeneous, hierarchical, competing but complementary, broadband networks (public and private, operator driven or ad-hoc) to personal area and ad hoc networks, and will inter-operate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital (broadband) broadcasting systems. Finally, 4G will be fully IP-based, an expression of the wireless Internet. This integrated perspective is illustrated in Figure 7. There we can see the broad range of systems that 4G has to integrate, from satellite broadband to High Altitude Platforms (HAP), to cellular 2G and 3G systems, to MBS, to Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and Fixed Wireless Body-LAN Personal Area Networks IP Broadband Bluetooth W-LAN Local Broadband W-LAN Area Networks MBS 60 FWA MWS IR Fixed Wireless Access MBS 40 xMDS Wireless Local Loop Quasi-Cellular Telektronikk 1.2001
Access ( FWA), to W-LAN, Personal Area Networks (PAN) and Body-LANs. Reconfigurable Radio is seen as the engine for such integration, and IP as the integrating mechanism, the lingua franca [2]. From the service point of view, 4G will implement adaptation to multiple standards and to delay sensitive and insensitive applications over channels of varying bandwidth, across multiple operators and service provider domains, with user controlled QoS levels and ensuring data privacy and information integrity, taking into account the user profile and the terminal characteristics. An open architecture which allows for differentiation of operators, service providers and application developers, thus promoting competition, is critical. Here, the contribution of Reconfigurable Radio is paramount [1]. B Efficient Use of Spectrum Another critical element of 4G, one with immediate application, is efficient use of spectrum, allowing for optimal selection of delivery system according to the (different) data streams involved and the performance required by each of them. This will eventually lead to full spectrum sharing, at least in some bands. Given the high prices paid for spectrum in recent auctions, and with 3G licenses covering the next 10–20 years, such lofty objectives might seem far-fetched, but many of the involved principles and associated technologies have immediate application. C Growing Role of Private, Unlicensed Systems We have already observed that the focus of current and planned telecommunication systems has been mainly on public service. However, the need for, and the advantages of, private networks using the same technology soon became evident (see for example CERN’s private GSM system, and conversely the use of DECT for public service [5]). Exploiting the full potential of private, mainly unlicensed broadband systems, fully integrated with public wireless (and wired) systems, it is our conviction that soon there will be a totally transparent public-private wireless broadband communication system that will extend the public network through an almost ubiquitous cover- Telektronikk 1.2001 What 4G is ... [3] Fourth Generation is based upon • Full-IP; • Reconfigurable Radio; and • Growing Role of Private, Unlicensed Systems, and will build upon the integration of heterogeneous, hierarchical networks. The leitmotiv of Fourth Generation is clearly the most efficient use of scarce Spectrum. age consisting of multiple, mostly overlapping private systems. Assuming the existence of such a distributed and inherently hierarchical system, it is easy to see that the user would then be able to have ubiquitous broadband access to multimedia content and applications in a most economical manner: provided transparent mobility management and the necessary security mechanisms are in place, the users would rely on the less congested and wider band private systems wherever and whenever possible, falling back to using the more crowded public systems in the remaining situations [18]. This scenario imposes a paradigm change in terms of the role of the public networks, as well as of the economics of telecommunications. As the use of private systems would “inherently” be free of charge (under reciprocity agreements, i.e. everyone would give access to everyone, and in turn be also given access 6) ), this would certainly reduce the direct revenue of the public wireless broadband systems. If this perspective does not seem very interesting for the public operators, one has to consider that wireless broadband communications will allow access to a plethora of services and content, most of which will be paid for. The public operators will certainly extract a small commission out of the service/content providers, more than making up for the difference. In fact, it is in their interest to provide the best access possible, creating an incentive for the users to access those value-added services (VAS). Provided the user can seamlessly transfer from one system to another, both amongst private systems and between public and private systems – 6) The reciprocity principle would create the incentive for all private systems to expand to a accommodate any anticipated demands. Their reduced range will in any case limit the load to be accommodated. 27
Page 2 and 3: Telektronikk Volume 97 No. 1 - 2001
Page 4 and 5: Per Hjalmar Lehne (42) obtained his
Page 6 and 7: Stein Svaet (41) is Senior Research
Page 8 and 9: Pbit/day 6 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 F
Page 10 and 11: 8 Video communication as a utility
Page 12 and 13: 10 The idea of reconfigurable mobil
Page 14 and 15: 12 Switched lobe Dynamically phased
Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 The All IP vision Figure
Page 18 and 19: 16 The IP world has some problems t
Page 20 and 21: 18 Abbreviations and acronyms less
Page 22 and 23: Jorge Pereira (40) obtained his Eng
Page 24 and 25: (Millions) Figure 1 Exponential gro
Page 26 and 27: 24 Defining Generation based upon D
Page 30 and 31: distribution layer possible return
Page 32 and 33: 30 A Co-Ordinated Approach to 4G As
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2 Applications will grow fas
Page 36 and 37: Figure 5 Evolution from multi-mode
Page 38 and 39: Operator/Provider download librarie
Page 40 and 41: Radio network subsystem - service c
Page 42 and 43: Dr. Techn. Jørgen Bach Andersen (6
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3 Two arrays with M and N el
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5 Cumulative probability dis
Page 48 and 49: Figure 8 As in Figure 5, but with F
Page 50 and 51: 48 Conclusion The challenge of prov
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Page 58 and 59: 56 7 Conclusion and Further Researc
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Figure 4 Basic MAC frame structure
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78 Preamble BCH FCH ACHs Preamble S
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throughput bit/s 80 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0
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Figure 2-3 Mobile IPv6 architecture
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Figure 9 The new business model. Fr
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Figure 4 OSA architecture service c
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Do van Thanh (43) obtained his MSc
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Figure 2 The first use case diagram
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110 Box 1 - The Open Service Archit
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Figure 10 Initiating call from PSTN
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Figure 13 Splitting the incoming st
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Figure 21 A laptop and peripheral d
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124 Box 4 - Bluetooth Bluetooth is
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126 6 The ICEBERG project. (2001, M
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128 new door towards the upcoming f
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? Figure 1 The Mobile Service Platf
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Figure 2 Needs and Related Services
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134 Telektronikk 1.2001
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136 Telektronikk 1.2001
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Anne Lise Lillebø (52) is Adviser
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140 with other SDOs (Standards Deve
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142 Box 2 - ETNO Declaration We, th
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146 In ITU-T we have seen needs to
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