Wireless Future - Telenor

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Pbit/day 6 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 Figure 4 Internet growth (From OVUM, Global Telecoms & IP Markets, 1999) [9] Internet access Voice 1998 1999 2000 2001 This is especially visible on the network side, where existing and alternative platforms are used. Great effort has also been put into widening the UMTS term to be more than a mobile access technology. There are many opinions about what 4G represents. The EU is engaged in this development, primarily through the research framework programmes. As mentioned earlier, there have been projects with a distinct 4G viewpoint, at least viewed from a distance. In the 5th framework programme, IST, the term 4G is put forward, and there are several projects studying different aspects. The view of the European commission as well as one of the major projects in IST called BRAIN, is comprehensively described in other papers in this issue [10][11]. There is obviously a development towards closer interworking between different technologies, especially on the access side. An important factor is also the development of open, technology independent application platforms like e.g. OSA. The IP platform currently has great momentum, partly because it represents a possible common denominator for transport and access to services independent of the different access platforms. In this paper, we go further into three main areas which we believe are important in order to understand what 4G is about and why the development does not stop with UMTS. In the next chapter, we address the user aspects, the trends and possibilities. Further, we deal with the radio access technology aspects, spanning from antenna systems to the notion of “reconfigurable mobile communications”. Finally, we look at the development towards realizing the so-called “All-IP” vision, which seeks to enable service mobility independent of access technology and a lot of new applications. 4G seen from the User In 2G SMS has been a successful service that nobody did foresee, and it remains to be seen what will be the killer application in 3G. Trying at this point to foresee which kind of services and applications will be predominant in 4G is more like guesswork. However, there seems to be a common understanding of some trends. The development of mobile communication from 3G onwards is expected to evolve in a smoother way than the generation steps so far where new heavy technical platforms have been introduced as the bases for new generations. New technologies emerging today and technologies still behind the horizon will, together with the 3G technology, form a heterogeneous network that step by step will increase capability. Which direction or directions the development takes will to a greater extent than thus far be determined by the market. The introduction of 3G will open for a multitude of different types of services and applications which are new to the users. The response to all new possibilities of mobile communication presented will in addition to paving the way for new services and applications also indicate areas where enhanced capability is required and thereby influence the development of the technical platform. Terminals For the user the personal pocket terminal will be a central part of the 4G technology. In principle the terminal will be a powerful PC with a variety of communication capabilities, and a range of terminals having different capabilities will exist. The simplest ones will be able to handle a limited set of access technologies and a limited set of services and applications. As users get used to communicating using pictures and video in 3G, a video camera and a screen to view received videos will be a requirement for 4G terminals. User Interfaces The personal pocket terminal consists of a computing/communication part with a user interface. The user interface, in addition to being integrated in the computing/communication part of a 4G terminal, might also exist as a separate unit and communicate by using short range radio technology. In this case only the user interface will be a wearable for users. The computing/ communication part may remain in the pocket or the briefcase during a communication session or when using an application of the computing part. One option for a remote user interface could be a screen built into a spectacle-like device which also includes a microphone for voice recognition and a video camera. Included Telektronikk 1.2001
in the user interface integrated in the computing/communication part will also be a built-in camera. The camera or cameras in the terminal will have the options to catch motives in the direction away from the person communicating, e.g. when transmission of video postcards take place, or to be used as part of a videophone turned towards the person communicating. Large screens with high resolution will be available for use with personal terminals. Several types will exist. One type of screen will be an extremely thin foldaway, comparable to a sheet of paper, which accordingly is convenient to bring along. Even 3D pictures are expected to be available with 4G. Input commands to the terminal will mainly be given in speech, but it will also be possible to use a keyboard. A combination of speech and pushing buttons or icons on a display will also exist. Data Capabilities of the Terminals In addition to being a communication device the personal pocket terminal will contain what a person usually carries with her and that can be made electronic. Examples are keys, PDAs, business cards and contents of the wallet, e.g. money, ID-card, different kinds of magnetized cards, driving licence, passport, tickets, receipts and so on. The electronic money will be international and no change of currency will be necessary when travelling abroad. Short Range Communication An essential communication part of the 4G terminal will be a short range type similar to Bluetooth. In addition to the communication between the user interface and the main computing/communication part a short range link will be established when the terminal is used for example to unlock a door or to transfer money when shopping. The short range communication will also be used when a connection is transferred from the pocket terminal to another terminal which is more suitable for the type of communication taking place, for example a fixed terminal having a large screen for a video connection. Terminal as Enabler Keys for accessing private networks like intranets will be stored in the personal pocket terminal. The same goes for access to certain services or sites on the web. For example, when accessing a network behind a firewall from a foreign terminal, the pocket terminal will function as the enabler of this access. Telektronikk 1.2001 Personalisation of the Terminal The pocket terminal will be personalised and contain the user’s personal profile and sufficient information to offer personal context based services. Such information may be based on initial configuration of the terminal and through a learning process of the user’s ways of utilising the terminal. Necessary actions to establish a certain type of connection or perform some task may be initiated by a speech command or a keyboard, and the rest will happen automatically if the user does not want to do it manually. User Scenarios The “there and then” possibility introduced by mobile communication means that a call can be made there and then when a need occurs. This will in many cases make life easier. For example if somebody is picking you up at the station and the train is delayed, you can make a call or send an SMS from your mobile phone and inform about the delay. Without a mobile phone the person picking you up would either have to get information on the arrival time herself, or you could try to make a call from some station along the line. Terminal mobility also offers benefits regarding incoming calls. When an important call is expected, you do not have to wait by the fixed phone, but can receive the call wherever you are. Two generations of mobile phones have made subscribers used to making and receiving calls when needed more or less independent of circumstances. With 3G more new services will be available and used the same way. If a person suddenly remembers she has to pay the rent for her flat, she can make a transaction using her mobile terminal there and then wherever she is. With 4G the same development will continue with even more advanced services. Figure 5 What can be made electronic goes into the terminal 7
Page 2 and 3: Telektronikk Volume 97 No. 1 - 2001
Page 4 and 5: Per Hjalmar Lehne (42) obtained his
Page 6 and 7: Stein Svaet (41) is Senior Research
Page 10 and 11: 8 Video communication as a utility
Page 12 and 13: 10 The idea of reconfigurable mobil
Page 14 and 15: 12 Switched lobe Dynamically phased
Page 16 and 17: Figure 10 The All IP vision Figure
Page 18 and 19: 16 The IP world has some problems t
Page 20 and 21: 18 Abbreviations and acronyms less
Page 22 and 23: Jorge Pereira (40) obtained his Eng
Page 24 and 25: (Millions) Figure 1 Exponential gro
Page 26 and 27: 24 Defining Generation based upon D
Page 28 and 29: Multi-mode Terminal by Software Rad
Page 30 and 31: distribution layer possible return
Page 32 and 33: 30 A Co-Ordinated Approach to 4G As
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2 Applications will grow fas
Page 36 and 37: Figure 5 Evolution from multi-mode
Page 38 and 39: Operator/Provider download librarie
Page 40 and 41: Radio network subsystem - service c
Page 42 and 43: Dr. Techn. Jørgen Bach Andersen (6
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3 Two arrays with M and N el
Page 46 and 47: Figure 5 Cumulative probability dis
Page 48 and 49: Figure 8 As in Figure 5, but with F
Page 50 and 51: 48 Conclusion The challenge of prov
Page 52 and 53: 50 models are described simply by a
Page 54 and 55: 52 ping intervals or “quantizatio
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3 ASE as a function of the a
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56 7 Conclusion and Further Researc
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Dave Wisely (39) graduated in 1982
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Figure 2 Business case study Figure
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Figure 6 BRAIN QoS architecture 62
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64 4 BRAIN homepage. (2001, March 6
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Figure 2 The Bluetooth protocol sta
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Figure 5 A Bluetooth radio module i
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70 • Instant postcard: A Bluetoot
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72 work visions come true, it is ne
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Table 1 Allocated HiperLAN bands (i
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Figure 4 Basic MAC frame structure
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78 Preamble BCH FCH ACHs Preamble S
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throughput bit/s 80 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0
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82 5 References 1 CEPT. ERC Decisio
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84 IETF Internet Engineering Task F
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Figure 2-3 Mobile IPv6 architecture
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88 domain, it attaches to a new lea
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90 Domain GFA/MAP Figure 3-3 Archit
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Geir Gylterud (35) is Research Scie
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94 Framework Resource Resource Int
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Figure 6 SCSs and network functiona
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Figure 9 The new business model. Fr
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100 A strong consortium backs up th
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102 Music Company Figure 3 Service
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Figure 4 OSA architecture service c
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Do van Thanh (43) obtained his MSc
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Figure 2 The first use case diagram
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110 Box 1 - The Open Service Archit
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112 X:User 1:Device 2:Device 3:Devi
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Figure 10 Initiating call from PSTN
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Figure 13 Splitting the incoming st
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Figure 17 A set of communication de
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120 Box 3 continued Session Descrip
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Figure 21 A laptop and peripheral d
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124 Box 4 - Bluetooth Bluetooth is
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126 6 The ICEBERG project. (2001, M
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128 new door towards the upcoming f
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? Figure 1 The Mobile Service Platf
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Figure 2 Needs and Related Services
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134 Telektronikk 1.2001
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136 Telektronikk 1.2001
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Anne Lise Lillebø (52) is Adviser
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140 with other SDOs (Standards Deve
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142 Box 2 - ETNO Declaration We, th
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Arve Meisinset (52) is Senior Resea
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146 In ITU-T we have seen needs to
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148 Each viewpoint constitutes a se
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Figure 2 UML class diagrams for tra
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152 The functionality describing th
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154 9 Potter, B et al. An introduct
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