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3MAKINGSOCIAL POLICY WORK FOR WOMEN 122MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGESHAPING A REVOLUTION:Transforming social protection for women in EgyptIN BRIEFINTRODUCTIONTOWARDS GENDER EQUALITY IN SOCIAL TRANSFER SYSTEMSSocial transfers and women’s income securitySocial transfers for families with childrenSocial transfers for working-age adultsSocial transfers for older peopleINVESTMENT IN SOCIAL SERVICES: A LINCHPIN OF GENDER EQUALITYSocial services and the realization of women’s rightsHealth servicesCare servicesWater and sanitationCONCLUSIONS124128130134134137143147156156158170178184MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGEA SEAT AT THE TABLE:Caregivers in Kenya come together to demand a voice186FIGURESFigure 3.1 Chapter structure and terminologyFigure 3.2 Women’s personal income as a percentage of men’s before transfers (market income) and aftertransfers (disposable income), 2000-2010Figure 3.3 Poverty rates among single mothers before and after transfers, percentage of single mothers,selected countries, 2000-2010Figure 3.4 Proportion of people above statutory pensionable age receiving an old-age pension by sex,selected countries, 2006-2012Figure 3.5 Proportion of working-age population contributing to a pension scheme by sex, selected countries,2007-2012Figure 3.6 Women’s pension attrition and the gender pension gapFigure 3.7 Percentage of women who reported difficulties in accessing health care, by wealth quintile, 2010-2013Figure 3.8 Trends in the maternal mortality ratio: Rwanda and sub-Saharan Africa regional average, 1990-2013Figure 3.9 Proportion of women who say they do not make the final decision on their own health care, 2010-2013Figure 3.10 Percentage of women who reported difficulties in accessing health care because of thedistance to health facility, by location, 2010-2014Figure 3.11 Net enrolment rates in pre-school and childcare, in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2012Figure 3.12 Pre-school attendance rates by income quintile in Latin American countries, 2006-2012Figure 3.13 Percentage distribution of the water collection burden, in sub-Saharan African householdswithout piped water on the premises, 2006-2009TABLESTable 3.1 Cash transfer schemes for families with children in selected developing countriesTable 3.2 Selected employment guarantee schemes in Africa, Asia and Latin AmericaTable 3.3 Care arrangements for older people in China, Mexico, Nigeria and PeruBOXESBox 3.1 Economic and social rights: Interlinked and indivisibleBox 3.2 Changing demographic, family and household structures: New challenges for social protectionBox 3.3 Transforming conditional cash transfer schemes to empower women in Brazil and EgyptBox 3.4 Ethiopia’s PSNP: Gender-responsive design meets implementation challengesBox 3.5 Redressing women’s socio-economic disadvantage in Chile’s 2008 pension reformBox 3.6 Advocating for social pensions: Civil society strategies in the PhilippinesBox 3.7 Underinvestment in social services and the gender dimensions of EbolaBox 3.8 The right to healthBox 3.9 Rwanda’s rapid decline in maternal mortalityBox 3.10 Addressing violence against women through the health system: The case of KiribatiBox 3.11 Care and the rights of people with disabilitiesBox 3.12 Towards a national care system in Uruguay: The role of women’s agencyBox 3.13 Women claiming the right to water at South Africa’s Constitutional Court133136137148149151160164166167172173180139144176130134142146152154157159164169171177182