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• Ensuring that international trade and investmentagreements do not curtail policy space in a waythat undermines the realization of women’srights by, for example, creating barriers to theexpansion of public health services or publictransportation• Increasing the accountability of globaleconomic and financial institutions for thedistributive impacts of their actions, including ongender equality• Formally adopting a common approach, basedon the Maastricht Principles, to extraterritorialobligations of States, transnational corporationsand international institutions• Democratizing the institutions of globaleconomic governance by amplifying thevoices of poorer countries and civil societyorganizations in decisions that affect them.9. Use human rights standards to shapepolicies and catalyse changeThis report underlineds the imperative ofbridging the gap between global human rightsstandards, on the one hand, and policies toadvance women’s rights, on the other. By definingsubstantive equality, the international humanrights system has underscored that equality shouldbe understood in relation to outcomes as well asto opportunities, pointing to the structural causesof inequality and setting out the obligations ofStates to address them.The human rights system including the HumanRights Council, treaty bodies, special rapporteurs,and national and regional human rights bodiescan further support governments to formulateand monitor policies to meet their obligations andrealize substantive equality for women by:• Providing guidance on how the recognition,reduction and redistribution of unpaid careand domestic work can be advanced througheconomic and social policies• Providing clarification and guidance on howmacroeconomic policies can support, ratherthan constrain, women’s enjoyment of theirrights• Proposing concrete steps as to how theimplementation of social protection floors atthe national level can ensure that women areable to enjoy their right to social security onan equal basis with men.10. Generate evidence to assess progresson women’s economic and social rightsData gaps on women’s economic and socialrights remain very large. In view of the monitoringrequirements for the post-2015 developmentagenda, there have been calls for a ‘datarevolution’. This ‘data revolution’ needs to beengendered, to enable the production of moreand better evidence, disaggregated by sex, socioeconomicstatus, geographical location, race andethnicity, to capture the multiple and intersectinginequalities that women face.There is a need for coordinated support andfunding from donors and governments to nationalstatistical offices, especially those in low-incomecountries, to ensure the consistent and timelyproduction of gender statistics in a wide range ofareas. Priorities include:• Complementing global poverty statistics withmeasures of women’s access to personalincome from labour market earnings or socialprotection as a proxy for their economicautonomy• Regularly conducting time-use surveys andensuring their comparability across countriesand over time to assess the impact of publicpolicies, economic shocks and environmentaldisasters on women’s work burdens• Increasing the number of countries thatregularly collect sex-disaggregated statisticson informal employment