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ANNEX 2:REALIZING THE RIGHT TO EDUCATIONPRE-PRIMARY aATTAINMENTISOCOUNTRYCODE ΨCOUNTRIESAND AREASOfficial age ж2014Net pre-primary enrollment,2005-2014Mean years of schooling of populationaged 25 and above,2010Female Male Female Male(% of pre-primary age population) (% aged 25 years and older)LIE Liechtenstein 5-6 69.3 c 74.1 c .. ..LUX Luxembourg 3-5 89.9 86.6 10.6 11.9MLT Malta 3-4 94.7 100.0 9.9 10.7MCO Monaco 3-5 .. .. .. ..NLD Netherlands 4-5 90.8 91.0 11.3 11.9NZL New Zealand 3-4 91.9 88.4 11.7 10.8NOR Norway 3-5 98.6 98.6 11.9 11.8PRT Portugal 3-5 83.4 84.7 7.1 7.4SMR San Marino 3-5 85.2 68.0 .. ..ESP Spain 3-5 97.4 97.5 10.1 10.4SWE Sweden 3-6 94.7 94.9 12.0 11.7CHE Switzerland 5-6 75.8 76.6 13.0 13.9GBR United Kingdom 3-4 79.4 78.8 12.2 12.3USA United States 3-5 67.5 68.3 13.4 13.4East Asia and the PacificBRN Brunei Darussalam 3-5 59.3 57.6 8.5 9.0KHM Cambodia 3-5 15.0 14.4 3.2 5.4CHN China 4-6 .. .. 6.6 7.7PRK Democratic People's Republic5-6 .. .. .. ..of KoreaFJI Fiji 3-5 15.9 15.5 9.5 9.8HKG Hong Kong, China (SAR) 3-5 88.9 88.4 10.6 11.5IDN Indonesia 5-6 32.5 32.8 6.7 7.9KIR Kiribati 3-5 .. .. .. ..LAO Lao People's Democratic3-5 26.5 25.6 3.8 5.3RepublicMYS Malaysia 4-5 71.3 77.1 9.4 10.1MHL Marshall Islands 4-5 .. .. .. ..FSM Micronesia (Federated States of) 3-5 28.2 28.2 .. ..MNG Mongolia 3-5 65.0 64.5 9.5 9.0MMR Myanmar 3-4 9.4 8.9 4.3 3.8NRU Nauru 3-5 61.8 c 70.6 c .. ..PLW Palau 3-5 68.8 c 61.0 c .. ..PNG Papua New Guinea 3-5 .. .. 3.2 4.8PHL Philippines 5 38.9 38.6 8.4 7.9KOR Republic of Korea 3-5 89.3 89.5 11.2 12.7WSM Samoa 3-4 23.9 21.9 .. ..SGP Singapore 3-5 .. .. 10.1 10.9SLB Solomon Islands 3-5 30.5 30.2 .. ..THA Thailand 3-5 99.8 100.0 7.1 7.5TLS Timor-Leste 4-5 .. .. .. ..TON Tonga 3-4 .. .. 10.7 10.8TUV Tuvalu 3-5 60.5 c 57.6 c .. ..VUT Vanuatu 3-5 43.7 41.7 .. ..VNM Viet Nam 3-5 .. .. 7.0 7.9Latin America and the CaribbeanATG Antigua and Barbuda 3-4 68.8 75.2 .. ..ARG Argentina 3-5 75.9 74.5 9.5 9.5
FIELD OF STUDY OF TERTIARY STUDENTS (SELECT STUDY AREAS) aRESOURCES OF EDUCATION SYSTEM aEngineering, Manufacturingand Construction,2006-2013Humanities and Arts,2006-2013Sciences,2006-2013Pupil-teacher ratio,2006-2014Female Male Female Male Female Male Primary Secondary(% of all students) (Ratio)Publicexpenditureon education,2005-2014(% of GDP)ISOCOUNTRYCODE Ψ29.5 18.6 1.5 0.2 .. .. 7.4 10.7 2.1 LIE2.7 12.2 13.9 8.2 6.7 15.7 8.4 7.9 .. LUX3.4 14.4 14.2 12.0 7.1 19.8 11.5 8.5 6.9 MLT.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 1.6 MCO2.8 13.3 8.6 7.4 2.8 10.3 11.5 13.9 5.9 NLD3.2 13.2 14.8 12.8 9.9 20.2 14.6 14.4 7.4 NZL3.7 15.2 10.4 10.4 4.9 14.0 .. .. 6.9 NOR10.7 34.9 10.1 8.9 6.4 8.3 11.7 8.2 5.6 PRT.. .. .. .. .. .. 6.3 14.5 .. SMR8.4 26.8 12.1 9.7 5.9 13.6 12.6 11.4 5.0 ESP8.1 29.0 14.0 12.7 6.6 13.3 9.6 9.5 7.0 SWE4.9 23.2 13.7 8.7 6.6 13.2 10.8 9.3 5.3 CHE2.8 15.6 18.1 14.4 8.8 20.0 18.3 14.3 6.2 GBR2.2 13.9 15.1 15.0 6.4 11.4 14.4 14.7 c 5.4 USAEast Asia and the Pacific8.7 17.3 26.4 21.6 19.4 26.2 10.2 9.8 3.5 BRN.. .. .. 14.0 .. .. 46.9 28.9 2.6 KHM.. .. .. .. .. .. 18.2 14.5 .. CHN.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. PRK.. .. .. .. .. .. 28.0 19.3 4.2 FJI6.6 25.0 14.0 6.0 7.4 .. 14.0 .. 3.5 HKG.. .. .. .. .. .. 18.6 c 16.6 3.6 IDN.. .. .. .. .. .. 25.0 17.4 .. KIR2.4 13.2 13.8 12.0 3.9 6.6 25.6 17.8 2.8 LAO14.4 31.5 8.8 8.1 12.8 13.0 12.1 13.9 5.9 MYS.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. MHL.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FSM10.3 30.8 10.5 5.7 4.7 10.0 27.6 14.5 5.5 MNG17.0 17.3 19.8 17.5 26.3 19.8 28.2 34.1 0.8 MMR.. .. .. .. .. .. 22.4 20.9 .. NRU1.6 25.5 24.5 16.9 2.8 1.4 .. .. .. PLW.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27.4 .. PNG.. .. .. .. .. .. 31.4 34.8 2.7 PHL11.8 36.6 26.1 12.9 6.5 9.8 17.9 15.9 5.2 KOR.. .. .. .. .. .. 30.2 21.5 5.8 WSM13.9 34.5 11.6 6.4 12.2 16.1 17.4 14.9 3.0 SGP.. .. .. .. .. .. 20.6 25.9 9.9 SLB4.2 b 17.1 b 8.0 b 6.7 b 7.8 b 8.8 b 16.3 19.9 7.6 THA.. .. .. .. .. .. 31.4 24.3 9.4 TLS.. .. .. .. .. .. 21.1 14.6 .. TON.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. TUV.. .. .. .. .. .. 21.7 .. 5.0 VUT14.6 33.0 5.1 3.0 .. .. 18.9 .. 6.3 VNMLatin America and the Caribbean0.2 0.7 15.4 c, d 0.5 7.3 17.7 13.8 11.6 2.4 ATG4.6 15.9 13.7 10.7 7.2 12.8 16.3 10.9 6.3 ARG261
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PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 201
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PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 201
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FOREWORDBY PHUMZILEMLAMBO-NGCUKAUND
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UN Women headquarters staffWritten
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2TRANSFORMINGWORK FOR WOMEN’S RIG
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4TOWARDSAN ENABLING MACROECONOMIC E
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average earn just half as much inco
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‘ensuring that they do not mainta
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childcare, are just as important an
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ights principles are also an import
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“Most of these women did not choo
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SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITYFOR WOMEN:The c
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5The international human rights sys
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No empowerment without rightsA wide
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Figure 1.1Number of countries with
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adapt to changing social practices
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The number of countries with polici
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in the vast majority of countries.
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In other words, ‘discrimination i
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States must also guard against deli
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International human rights mechanis
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Figure 1.4A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTAN
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BOX 1.4Gender and poverty: What do
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Figure 1.6Ratio of net secondary at
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Crisis and austerity are jeopardizi
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BOX 1.5Gender stereotypes and punis
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stood at close to 22 per cent—far
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Achievements have been significant.
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Drawing on the understanding of sub
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Yet Rana Plaza proved a turning poi
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TRANSFORMING WORKFOR WOMEN’S RIGH
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workers open to abuse and exploitat
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IN BRIEF/1Paid work can be a founda
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INTRODUCTIONAccess to decent employ
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Second, the range of opportunities
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Chapter overviewThe first part of t
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Figure 2.1Labour force participatio
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ALBGTMSLVFigure 2.3AN EYE ON THE GA
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Another striking trend is the decli
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In a study on Germany, France, Swed
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The unequal distribution of unpaid
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Figure 2.5Typical childcare arrange
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Today, parental leave is commonplac
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their skills. Its most pernicious i
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Causes of occupational segregationT
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programme aims to address the great
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CLOSING GENDER PAY GAPSPersistent g
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Causes of gender pay gapsIn looking
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while the rest have multiple minimu
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access to services that reduce wome
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Figure 2.11Segmentation of informal
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Extending rights at work for paid d
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For example, the legal and regulato
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the problems faced by poor people l
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Women’s organizations, such as th
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Governments should:• Ensure that
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Despite being dispersed across seve
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In recent years, globalization and
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The Veshya Anyay Mukti Parishad (VA
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MAKING SOCIAL POLICYWORK FOR WOMEN1
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The team behind the Egyptian progra
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IN BRIEF/1Demographic, family and h
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INTRODUCTIONSocial policy is fundam
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social policy design and delivery c
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TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITYIN SOCIAL TR
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Figure 3.2Women’s personal income
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the potential to contribute to the
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No guarantee of empowermentHowever,
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BOX 3.3Transforming conditional cas
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Table 3.2Selected employment guaran
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BOX 3.4Ethiopia’s PSNP: Gender-re
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Figure 3.4Proportion of people abov
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Gender gaps in pension outcomes ref
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But even where individual capital a
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coverage. In these cases, women wil
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22 per cent of the poverty line. To
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on women and girls. Because they ar
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Figure 3.7Percentage of women who r
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was a watershed, bringing the count
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BOX 3.9Rwanda’s rapid decline in
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Figure 3.9Proportion of women who s
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Breaking down institutional barrier
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care for all are the best way to en
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uneven. Data on early childhood edu
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Balancing educational and childcare
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Table 3.3Care arrangements for olde
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RecommendationsCare services are an
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they rarely have the control over h
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formidable access barriers, particu
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the Geneva-based Water Supply and S
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MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGEA
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strain. In 1996, the country’s HI
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IN BRIEF/1Macroeconomic policies af
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INTRODUCTIONAdvances in substantive
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hierarchy. 10 Greece, for example,
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Figure 4.1Female to male secondary
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and the United Republic of Tanzania
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In order to adequately recognize an
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Overall, since the 1980s macroecono
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Figure 4.4Government general revenu
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formal employment that benefits fro
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Page 220 and 221: social services (see Chapter 3). Th
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Page 224 and 225: Figure 4.7Open Budget Index, 2012Th
Page 226 and 227: Article 2.1 of the ICESCR states th
Page 228 and 229: treaty between the Plurinational St
Page 230 and 231: agreements—but they go further by
Page 233 and 234: MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGECO
Page 235 and 236: “Everything I personally did, and
Page 237 and 238: equality, emphasizing women’s pra
Page 239 and 240: 3. Strengthen women’s income secu
Page 241 and 242: • Implementing gender-responsive
Page 243 and 244: • Developing standards for the co
Page 245 and 246: MONITORING WOMEN’SECONOMIC ANDSOC
Page 247 and 248: from water sources, therefore affec
Page 249 and 250: censuses, time use and violence aga
Page 251 and 252: percentage of gross domestic produc
Page 253 and 254: TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT dWOMEN’S EARNI
Page 261: FIELD OF STUDY OF TERTIARY STUDENTS
Page 265 and 266: FIELD OF STUDY OF TERTIARY STUDENTS
Page 271 and 272: TIME USE aSurveyyearAgegroupUnpaid
Page 281 and 282: YOUTHUNEMPLOYMENT RATE ¥OCCUPATION
Page 291 and 292: HEALTH SERVICESPublic health expend
Page 301 and 302: RESERVATIONS TO CEDAWCEDAW status a
Page 303 and 304: RESERVATIONS TO CEDAWCEDAW status a
Page 305 and 306: ANNEX 7:UN WOMEN REGIONAL GROUPINGS
Page 307 and 308: Gammage, Sarah, Carla Kraft and Tom
Page 309 and 310: classification of low-income econom
Page 311 and 312: 96. ILO 2000a, article 6, says that
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285. This estimation is based on a
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235. Aguirre and Ferrari 2014.236.
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REFERENCESAbalu, G. and R. Hassan.
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Berg, J. 2009. “Brazil: The Minim
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Cook, S. and X.-Y. Dong. 2011. “H
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. 2015. “UNECE Statistical Databa
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Galindo, L.M. and J. Ros. 2008. “
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. 2014. “Progressive Policy Chang
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. 2007. “Marriage, Motherhood and
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McIntyre, D., M.K. Ranson, B.K. Aul
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Phelan, J.C., B.G. Link and J.F. Do
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Staritz, C. and J.G. Reis, eds. 201
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. 2012c. “Report of the Working G
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. 2014d. “Trachoma: Situation and
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