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MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGEMAKINGRIGHTS REALTransforming women’s livesin north-eastern BrazilWhen Maria Jose Pereira was growing up in the rural town ofEscada, her father’s tools were off limits.“Everyone in my house worked in construction. My fatherand brothers were all stonemasons,” Maria says. “I wantedto work with them, but they said I couldn’t because I was awoman.”Thanks to a groundbreaking government initiative, Mariahas now proven her family wrong. Not only is she a licensedstonemason, she is also a plumber and electrician.Chapéu de Palha Mulher, which is derived from ‘strawhat’ in Portuguese, is a social inclusion programme thatprovides professional training for women living in poor ruralcommunities in the north-eastern state of Pernambuco.Launched in 2007, the programme was created by thestate’s Secretariat for Women’s Policies in order to providealternatives for female sugarcane farmers during the offharvestmonths.Cristina Buarque, former State Secretary for Women’s Policies, Pernambuco, watcheswomen from the Chapeu de Palha Mulher programme fish for shrimp in the River GoianaPhoto: UN Women/Lianne Milton19
Page 1 and 2: PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 201
Page 3 and 4: PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 201
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORDBY PHUMZILEMLAMBO-NGCUKAUND
Page 7 and 8: UN Women headquarters staffWritten
Page 9 and 10: 2TRANSFORMINGWORK FOR WOMEN’S RIG
Page 11 and 12: 4TOWARDSAN ENABLING MACROECONOMIC E
Page 13 and 14: average earn just half as much inco
Page 15 and 16: ‘ensuring that they do not mainta
Page 17 and 18: childcare, are just as important an
Page 19: ights principles are also an import
Page 23: the only woman serving among 24 oth
Page 26 and 27: IN BRIEF/1Laws that establish women
Page 28 and 29: INTRODUCTIONThis Report reflects on
Page 30 and 31: This chapter elaborates the Report
Page 32 and 33: BOX 1.1Women’s collective action
Page 34 and 35: ights advocates and other like-mind
Page 36 and 37: More broadly, social norms generall
Page 38 and 39: BOX 1.2Substantive equality as defi
Page 40 and 41: equires them to refrain from interf
Page 42 and 43: and reduction of unreasonable overt
Page 44 and 45: Those whose human rights have been
Page 46 and 47: Stereotyping, stigma and violence a
Page 48 and 49: Figure 1.5Ratio of the share of wom
Page 50 and 51: Figure 1.7Ratio of skilled assistan
Page 52 and 53: Gender stereotypes also shape how w
Page 54 and 55: discrimination. CEDAW did not origi
Page 56 and 57: framework shown in Figure 1.4—als
Page 58 and 59: policy that brings women together t
Page 61 and 62: MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGEOU
Page 63: ights at factory level. The challen
Page 67 and 68: MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGEON
Page 69 and 70: “For many in the legislature it w
Page 71 and 72:
5The remarkable progress in closing
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• Equal opportunities and non-dis
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Some countries, particularly in Lat
Page 77 and 78:
BOX 2.3Labour force participation,
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is low or non-existent and few peop
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A VISION FOR WOMEN’S RIGHTSTO WOR
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to high levels of unemployment amon
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UNPAID CARE AND DOMESTIC WORK: THEF
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Figure 2.4Average maternal employme
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provision of childcare services, wh
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especially those on low incomes who
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Like formal work, informal employme
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have benefited from the availabilit
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Some 55 per cent of female vendors
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For those countries where gender pa
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BOX 2.7Unions fight for equal pay f
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etention of staff and are essential
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Figure 2.10Informal employment, as
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women’s rates of ‘unprotected
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Increasing the viability of women
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costs and risks involved in adminis
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Grievances mounted in the villages
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provided by the state such as commu
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A number of countries, including Co
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Increasing the capacity of governme
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argaining, women in informal employ
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conditions has also diminished. In
Page 127 and 128:
MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGESH
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“These women were so focused on p
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5Social transfers can reduce povert
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As Chapter 2 has shown, paid employ
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Figure 3.1CHAPTER STRUCTURE AND TER
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households are three times as likel
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SOCIAL TRANSFERS FOR FAMILIES WITHC
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Table 3.1Cash transfer schemes for
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make rational choices. Rather than
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SOCIAL TRANSFERS FOR WORKING-AGEADU
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epresented more than 60 per cent of
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• Provide access to benefits as a
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Figure 3.5Proportion of working-age
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Figure 3.6WOMEN’S PENSION ATTRITI
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Meanwhile, pension reforms in many
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people in support of the campaign.
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around 30 per cent, compared to 23
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BOX 3.8The right to healthThe right
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Out-of-pocket payments reinforce in
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in total health expenditure had fal
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A combination of measures lies behi
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Figure 3.10Percentage of women who
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BOX 3.10Addressing violence against
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of people with disabilities in thei
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Public investment in ECEC services
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Care of dependent adultsAs shown ab
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BOX 3.12Towards a national care sys
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on the human right to safe drinking
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municipalities, for example, had
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The complainants challenged the cit
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women enjoy their rights to social
Page 190 and 191:
Violet with her colleagues at workP
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TOWARDS AN ENABLINGMACROECONOMICENV
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5A rights-based approach provides a
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And fourth, macroeconomic policies
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of macroeconomic policy on employme
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The unequal gender division of labo
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Figure 4.3Economic value of unpaid
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production expands in many countrie
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of food, fuel, electricity and tran
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esources from women to others in th
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Figure 4.6A RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH T
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Minimum essential levels: Macroecon
Page 215 and 216:
Brazil introduced a tax on financia
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• Use borrowing where appropriate
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BOX 4.5Social protection and gender
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a critical resource that has the po
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udget process. The index focuses pr
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Albania, Mozambique, Romania, Unite
Page 227 and 228:
Consider Liberia, which emerged fro
Page 229 and 230:
Figure 4.8Sex composition of board
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CONCLUSIONSImproving substantive eq
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“You can’t have an effective bu
Page 236 and 237:
MOVING FORWARD:AN AGENDAFOR PUBLIC
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The following 10 policy priorities
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• Working towards a comprehensive
Page 242 and 243:
• Ensuring that international tra
Page 244 and 245:
ANNEXES
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on employment quality such as infor
Page 248 and 249:
Filling gender data gaps does not a
Page 250 and 251:
NOTE TO THE TABLESThe Annex present
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ANNEX 1:PROFILE OF WOMEN AND MEN IN
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Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
Page 260 and 261:
ANNEX 2:REALIZING THE RIGHT TO EDUC
Page 262 and 263:
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
ANNEX 3:RIGHT AT WORK: LAWS, POLICI
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
ANNEX 4:RIGHT TO WORK: OPPORTUNITIE
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
ANNEX 5:THE RIGHT TO SOCIAL SECURIT
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
Page 298 and 299:
Page 300 and 301:
ANNEX 6:CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATI
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Page 304 and 305:
Page 306 and 307:
BACKGROUND PAPERSTO SUPPORT THE PRE
Page 308 and 309:
ENDNOTESEXECUTIVE SUMMARY1. UN Econ
Page 310 and 311:
15. Htun and Weldon 2014; Hallward-
Page 312 and 313:
191. Fontana and Paciello 2010. Oth
Page 314 and 315:
109. Arenas de Mesa and Montecinos
Page 316 and 317:
85. Elson 1998.86. UN Women maintai
Page 318 and 319:
Arenas de Mesa, A. 2010. Historia d
Page 320 and 321:
. 2014c. Personal Communication wit
Page 322 and 323:
. 2014. “The Power of Procurement
Page 324 and 325:
EUROsociAL. 2012. “Avances y Desa
Page 326 and 327:
Hammouya, M. 1999. “Statistics on
Page 328 and 329:
. 2014h. World Social Protection Re
Page 330 and 331:
Lagarde, C. 2014. “The Economic P
Page 332 and 333:
Ocampo, J.A. 2010. “Rethinking Gl
Page 334 and 335:
Rubery, J. and D. Grimshaw. 2009.
Page 336 and 337:
. 1999a. General Comment No. 11: Pl
Page 338 and 339:
. 2008. Progress of the World’s W
Page 341 and 342:
UN WOMENUN Women is the UN organiza
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