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ANNEX 6:CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OFDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMENRESERVATIONS TO CEDAWCEDAW status aOptionalprotocol bCompatibility withreligious, customaryor traditional lawsand practices cElimination ofdiscrimination dEquality inemployment eEquality ofnationality fEqualityto chooseresidence gEqual rightsin marriageand family hSocialprotection iBolivia (PlurinationalratifiedratifiedState of)Brazil ratified ratifiedChile ratified signatureonlyColombia ratified ratifiedCosta Rica ratified ratifiedCuba ratified signatureonlyDominicaratifiedDominican Republic ratified ratifiedEcuador ratified ratifiedEl Salvador ratified signatureonlyGrenadaratifiedGuatemala ratified ratifiedGuyanaratifiedHaitiratifiedHondurasratifiedJamaicaratifiedMexico ratified ratifiedNicaraguaratifiedPanama ratified ratifiedParaguay ratified ratifiedPeru ratified ratifiedSaint Kitts and Nevis ratified ratifiedSaint LuciaratifiedSaint Vincent and theratifiedGrenadinesSurinameratifiedTrinidad and TobagoratifiedUruguay ratified ratifiedVenezuela (BolivarianratifiedratifiedRepublic of)Middle East and North AfricaAlgeria ratified reservation reservation reservationBahrain ratified reservation reservation reservation reservation reservationEgypt ratified reservation reservation reservationIraq ratified reservation reservation reservationJordan ratified reservation reservationKuwait ratified reservation reservation reservationLebanon ratified reservation reservationLibya ratified ratified reservation reservation reservationMorocco ratified reservation k reservation k reservation k ῀Oman ratified reservation reservation reservation reservationQatar ratified reservation k reservation reservation reservation reservationSaudi Arabia ratified reservation reservation῀State of PalestineratifiedSyrian Arab Republic ratified reservation reservation reservation reservation reservationTunisia ratified ratifiedUnited Arab Emirates ratified reservation reservation reservation reservation
RESERVATIONS TO CEDAWCEDAW status aOptionalprotocol bCompatibility withreligious, customaryor traditional lawsand practices cElimination ofdiscrimination dEquality inemployment eEquality ofnationality fEqualityto chooseresidence gEqual rightsin marriageand family hSocialprotection iYemenratifiedSouth AsiaAfghanistanratifiedBangladesh ratified ratified reservation reservation῀BhutanratifiedIndia ratified reservation k reservation kIran (Islamic Republic of) has not signed or ratified - - - - - - - -Maldives ratified ratified reservation reservationNepal ratified ratifiedPakistanratifiedSri Lanka ratified ratifiedSub-Saharan AfricaAngola ratified ratifiedBenin ratified signatureonlyBotswana ratified ratifiedBurkina Faso ratified ratifiedBurundi ratified signatureonlyCabo Verde ratified ratifiedCameroon ratified ratifiedCentral African RepublicratifiedChad ratified signatureonlyComorosratifiedCongo ratified signatureonlyCôte d'Ivoire ratified ratifiedDemocratic Republic ofratifiedthe CongoDjiboutiratifiedEquatorial Guinea ratified ratifiedEritrearatifiedEthiopiaratifiedGabon ratified ratifiedGambiaratifiedGhana ratified ratifiedGuinearatifiedGuinea-Bissau ratified ratifiedKenyaratifiedLesotho ratified ratified reservation reservationLiberia ratified signatureonlyMadagascar ratified signatureonlyMalawi ratified signatureonlyMali ratified ratifiedMauritania ratified reservation reservation reservationMauritius ratified ratifiedMozambique ratified ratified301
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PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 201
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PROGRESS OF THE WORLD’S WOMEN 201
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FOREWORDBY PHUMZILEMLAMBO-NGCUKAUND
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UN Women headquarters staffWritten
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2TRANSFORMINGWORK FOR WOMEN’S RIG
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4TOWARDSAN ENABLING MACROECONOMIC E
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average earn just half as much inco
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‘ensuring that they do not mainta
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childcare, are just as important an
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ights principles are also an import
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“Most of these women did not choo
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SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITYFOR WOMEN:The c
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5The international human rights sys
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No empowerment without rightsA wide
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Figure 1.1Number of countries with
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adapt to changing social practices
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The number of countries with polici
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in the vast majority of countries.
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In other words, ‘discrimination i
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States must also guard against deli
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International human rights mechanis
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Figure 1.4A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTAN
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BOX 1.4Gender and poverty: What do
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Figure 1.6Ratio of net secondary at
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Crisis and austerity are jeopardizi
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BOX 1.5Gender stereotypes and punis
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stood at close to 22 per cent—far
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Achievements have been significant.
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Drawing on the understanding of sub
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Yet Rana Plaza proved a turning poi
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TRANSFORMING WORKFOR WOMEN’S RIGH
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workers open to abuse and exploitat
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IN BRIEF/1Paid work can be a founda
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INTRODUCTIONAccess to decent employ
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Second, the range of opportunities
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Chapter overviewThe first part of t
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Figure 2.1Labour force participatio
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ALBGTMSLVFigure 2.3AN EYE ON THE GA
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Another striking trend is the decli
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In a study on Germany, France, Swed
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The unequal distribution of unpaid
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Figure 2.5Typical childcare arrange
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Today, parental leave is commonplac
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their skills. Its most pernicious i
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Causes of occupational segregationT
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programme aims to address the great
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CLOSING GENDER PAY GAPSPersistent g
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Causes of gender pay gapsIn looking
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while the rest have multiple minimu
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access to services that reduce wome
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Figure 2.11Segmentation of informal
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Extending rights at work for paid d
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For example, the legal and regulato
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the problems faced by poor people l
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Women’s organizations, such as th
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Governments should:• Ensure that
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Despite being dispersed across seve
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In recent years, globalization and
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The Veshya Anyay Mukti Parishad (VA
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MAKING SOCIAL POLICYWORK FOR WOMEN1
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The team behind the Egyptian progra
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IN BRIEF/1Demographic, family and h
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INTRODUCTIONSocial policy is fundam
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social policy design and delivery c
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TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITYIN SOCIAL TR
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Figure 3.2Women’s personal income
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the potential to contribute to the
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No guarantee of empowermentHowever,
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BOX 3.3Transforming conditional cas
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Table 3.2Selected employment guaran
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BOX 3.4Ethiopia’s PSNP: Gender-re
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Figure 3.4Proportion of people abov
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Gender gaps in pension outcomes ref
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But even where individual capital a
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coverage. In these cases, women wil
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22 per cent of the poverty line. To
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on women and girls. Because they ar
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Figure 3.7Percentage of women who r
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was a watershed, bringing the count
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BOX 3.9Rwanda’s rapid decline in
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Figure 3.9Proportion of women who s
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Breaking down institutional barrier
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care for all are the best way to en
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uneven. Data on early childhood edu
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Balancing educational and childcare
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Table 3.3Care arrangements for olde
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RecommendationsCare services are an
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they rarely have the control over h
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formidable access barriers, particu
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the Geneva-based Water Supply and S
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MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGEA
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strain. In 1996, the country’s HI
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IN BRIEF/1Macroeconomic policies af
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INTRODUCTIONAdvances in substantive
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hierarchy. 10 Greece, for example,
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Figure 4.1Female to male secondary
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and the United Republic of Tanzania
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In order to adequately recognize an
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Overall, since the 1980s macroecono
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Figure 4.4Government general revenu
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formal employment that benefits fro
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approaches to macroeconomics, howev
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improving the way in which taxes ar
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policy and reinforce global depende
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incentives diverge. Credit allocati
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social services (see Chapter 3). Th
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youth, can prevent the accumulation
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Figure 4.7Open Budget Index, 2012Th
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Article 2.1 of the ICESCR states th
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treaty between the Plurinational St
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agreements—but they go further by
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MAKING PROGRESS/STORIES OF CHANGECO
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“Everything I personally did, and
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equality, emphasizing women’s pra
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3. Strengthen women’s income secu
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• Implementing gender-responsive
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• Developing standards for the co
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MONITORING WOMEN’SECONOMIC ANDSOC
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from water sources, therefore affec
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censuses, time use and violence aga
Page 251 and 252: percentage of gross domestic produc
Page 253 and 254: TYPE OF EMPLOYMENT dWOMEN’S EARNI
Page 261 and 262: FIELD OF STUDY OF TERTIARY STUDENTS
Page 271 and 272: TIME USE aSurveyyearAgegroupUnpaid
Page 281 and 282: YOUTHUNEMPLOYMENT RATE ¥OCCUPATION
Page 291 and 292: HEALTH SERVICESPublic health expend
Page 301: RESERVATIONS TO CEDAWCEDAW status a
Page 305 and 306: ANNEX 7:UN WOMEN REGIONAL GROUPINGS
Page 307 and 308: Gammage, Sarah, Carla Kraft and Tom
Page 309 and 310: classification of low-income econom
Page 311 and 312: 96. ILO 2000a, article 6, says that
Page 313 and 314: 285. This estimation is based on a
Page 315 and 316: 235. Aguirre and Ferrari 2014.236.
Page 317 and 318: REFERENCESAbalu, G. and R. Hassan.
Page 319 and 320: Berg, J. 2009. “Brazil: The Minim
Page 321 and 322: Cook, S. and X.-Y. Dong. 2011. “H
Page 323 and 324: . 2015. “UNECE Statistical Databa
Page 325 and 326: Galindo, L.M. and J. Ros. 2008. “
Page 327 and 328: . 2014. “Progressive Policy Chang
Page 329 and 330: . 2007. “Marriage, Motherhood and
Page 331 and 332: McIntyre, D., M.K. Ranson, B.K. Aul
Page 333 and 334: Phelan, J.C., B.G. Link and J.F. Do
Page 335 and 336: Staritz, C. and J.G. Reis, eds. 201
Page 337 and 338: . 2012c. “Report of the Working G
Page 339: . 2014d. “Trachoma: Situation and
Page 342: 220 East 42nd StreetNew York, NY 10
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