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The DSP56K family is not designed for a particular application butis designed to executecommonly used DSP benchmarks in a minimum time for a single-multiplier architecture.For example, a cascaded, 2nd-order, four-coefficient infinite impulse response (IIR) biquadsection has four multiplies for each section. For that algorithm, the theoreticalminimum number of operations for a Single-multiplier architecture is four per section. Table1-1 shows a list of benchmarks with the number of instruction cycles a DSP56K chipuses compared to the number of multiplies the algorithm requires.Table 1-1 Benchmark Summary in Instruction CyclesBenchmarkDSP56000/DSP56001Number of CyclesNumber ofAlgorithmMultipliesReal Multiply 3 1N Real Multiplies 2N NReal Update 4 1N Real Updates 2N NN Term Real Convolution (FIR) N NN Term Real * Complex Convolution 2N NComplex Multiply 6 4N Complex Multiplies 4N NComplex Update 7 4N Complex Updates 4N 4NN Term Complex Convolution (FIR) 4N 4NNth -Order Power Series 2N 2N2 nd - Order Real Biquad Filter 7 4N Cascaded 2 nd - Order Biquads 4N 4NN Radix Two FFT Butterflies 6N 4NThese benchmarks and others are used independently or in combination to implementfunctions whose characteristics are controlled by the coefficients of the benchmarks beingexecuted. Useful functions using these and other benchmarks include the following:
Digital FilteringFinite Impulse Response (FIR)Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)Matched Filters (Correlators)Hilbert TransformsWindowingAdaptive Fi Iters/EqualizersSignal ProcessingCompression (e.g., Linear PredictiveCoding of Speech Signals)ExpansionAveragingEnergy CalculationsHomomorphic ProcessingMu-Iaw/ A-law to/from Linear DataConversionData ProcessingEncryption/Scram bli ngEncoding (e.g., Trellis Coding)Decoding (e.g., Viterbi Decoding)Numeric ProcessingScaler, Vector, and Matrix ArithmeticTranscendental Function Computation(e.g., Sin(X), Exp(X))Other Nonlinear FunctionsPseudo-Random-Number GenerationModulationAmplitudeFrequencyPhaseSpectral AnalysisFast Fourier Transform (FFT)Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)Sine/Cosine TransformsMoving Average (MA) ModelingAutoregressive (AR) ModelingARMA ModelingUseful applications are based on combining these and other functions. DSP applicationsaffect almost every area in electronics because any application for analog electronic circuitrycan be duplicated using DSP. The advantages in doing so are becoming morecompelling as DSPs become faster and more cost effective.Some typical applications forDSPs are presented in the following list:TelecommunicationTone GenerationDual-Tone Multifrequency (DTMF)Subscriber Line InterfaceFull-Duplex SpeakerphoneTeleconferencingVoice MailAdaptive Differential Pulse CodeModulation (ADPCM) TranscoderMedium-Rate VocodersNoise CancelationRepeatersIntegrated Services Digital Network(ISDN) TransceiversSecure TelephonesData CommunicationHigh-Speed ModemsMultiple Bit-Rate ModemsHigh-Speed FacsimileRadio CommunicationSecure CommunicationsPoint-to-Point CommunicationsBroadcast CommunicationsCellular Mobile TelephoneComputerArray ProcessorsWork StationsPersonal ComputersGraphics Accelerators
Page 3 and 4: DSP56K FAMILY INTRODUCTIONDSP56K CE
Page 5: Motorola reserves the right to make
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents (Continued)Paragr
Page 10 and 11: ParagraphNumberTable of Contents (C
Page 13 and 14: FigureNumberList of Figures (Contin
Page 15: List of Tables (Continued)TablePage
Page 19 and 20: 1.1 INTRODUCTIONThe DSP56K family i
Page 21: Fewer componentsStable, determinist
Page 25 and 26: architecture matches the shape of t
Page 27 and 28: • DSP56001 Compatibility - All me
Page 29: SECTION 2DSP56K CENTRAL ARCHITECTUR
Page 32 and 33: --I«a:w:ca.ffi~a. a.24-Bit 56KModu
Page 34 and 35: -rectly addressable registers: the
Page 37 and 38: 3.1 DATA ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNITThis
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.1 Data ALU Input Registers (X1,
Page 41 and 42: """""" 24 BITS;:~:>~~::~~~:~:~:~:::
Page 43 and 44: 3.2.4 Accumulator ShifterThe accumu
Page 45 and 46: Table 3-1 Limited Data ValuesDestin
Page 47 and 48: _--- N BITS ---_TWOS COMPLEMENT INT
Page 49 and 50: CASE I: IF AO < $800000 (1/2), THEN
Page 51 and 52: one instruction cycle. The ANDI ins
Page 53: 3.5 DATA ALU PROGRAMMING MODELThe D
Page 57 and 58: 4.1 ADDRESS GENERATION UNIT AND ADD
Page 59 and 60: !---LOWADDRESS ALU -----I~.j.I.....
Page 61 and 62: •••••••• _ ........
Page 63 and 64: 4.4.1 Address Register Indirect Mod
Page 65 and 66: EXAMPLE: MOVE BO,V: (R1)+BEFORE EXE
Page 67 and 68: EXAMPLE: MOVE X1,X: (R2)+N2BEFORE E
Page 69 and 70: EXAMPLE: MOVE Y1,X: (RS+NS)BEFORE E
Page 71 and 72: Table 4-2 Address Modifier SummaryM
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ADDRESS -f-_POINTERUPPER BOUNDARYiM
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EXAMPLE: MOVE XO,X:(R2)+NLET:M2 00
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oundary gives a 16-bit binary numbe
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4.4.2.4 Address-Modifier-Type Encod
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SECTION 5PROGRAM CONTROL UNIT-
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X MEMORYRAM/ROMIII E:XPAf'JSIC)N LI
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interruptible since they are fetche
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PROGRAM CONTROL UNIT-23 1615 023 16
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The GGR is a special purpose contro
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If S 1 =0 and SO=O (no scaling)then
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-23 876543210I * 1* JSO I * I Mel y
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5.4.5.1 Stack Pointer (Bits 0-3)The
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-DATA ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNITINPUT RE
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6.1 INSTRUCTION SET INTRODUCTIONThe
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shown in Figure 6-2. Most instructi
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23 87 0L...-I ___-'-I_---'I BUS~ LS
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The MR and CCR may be accessed indi
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6.3.4 Operand ReferencesThe DSP sep
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Some address register indirect mode
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EXAMPLE A: IMMEDIATE INTO 24-BIT RE
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EXAMPLE A: IMMEDIATE SHORT INTO AO,
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EXAMPLE A: MOVE P: $3200,XOBEFORE E
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Table 6-1 Addressing Modes SummaryA
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6.4.2 LogicallnstructlonsThe logica
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START OF LOOP1)SP+ 1 • SP; LA. SS
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OPCODE/OPERANDSPARALLEL MOVE EXAMPL
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SECTION 7PROCESSING STATES-
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Each instruction requires a minimum
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second instruction of the downloade
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The DO instruction is another instr
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SP and SSH/SSL register manipulatio
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7.3.1 Interrupt TypesThe DSP56K rel
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Table 7-2 Status Register Interrupt
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7.3.3 Interrupt SourcesInterrupts c
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interrupts makes it very useful for
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MAINPROGRAMFETCHESLONG INTERRUPTSER
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7.3.3.3 Other Interrupt SourcesOthe
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7.3.4 Interrupt ArbitrationInterrup
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7.3.7 Interrupt Instruction Executi
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MAINPROGRAMMEMORYINTERRUPT SYNCHRON
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MAINPROGRAMFETCHESINTERRUPTSYNCHRON
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MAINPROGRAMFAST INTERRUPTVECTORLONG
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MAINPROGRAMFETCHESNTERRUPTSYN8HRCNZ
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7.5 WAIT PROCESSING STATEThe WAIT i
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The stop processing state halts all
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the first instruction fetch). If th
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RESET -----------------------------
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16 - BIT INTERNALADDRESS BUSESX ADD
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8.2.2.1 Address (AO-A15)These three
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SECTION 9PLL CLOCK OSCILLATOR-
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X MEMORYRAM/ROMEXPANSION24-Bit56KMo
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23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
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cleared. To enable rapid recovery w
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-CLVCCVCC for the CKOUT output. The
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4. For all input frequencies which
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While the PLL is regaining lock, th
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10.1 ON-CHIP EMULATION INTRODUCTION
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10.2.2 Debug Serial Clock/Chip Stat
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76543210I R/W I GO I EX I RS41 RS31
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shifted in (so a new command is ava
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10.3.4.4 Software Debug Occurrence
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10.4.4 Memory High Address Comparat
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10.6.1 External Debug Request Durin
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PABCIRCULARBUFFERPOINTERDSCKDSOFigu
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are serially available to the exter
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k. ACKI. ClKm. Send command READ FI
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19. ACK20. Send command READ GDB RE
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10.11.6.1 Case 1: Return To The Pre
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SECTION 11ADDITIONAL SUPPORTDr. BuB
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The following is a partial list of
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• In-line assembler language code
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I Document 10 I Version Synopsis I
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Page 228 and 229:
I Document ID I Version Synopsis I
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Page 232 and 233:
11.5 MOTOROLA DSP NEWSThe Motorola
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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSINGAlan V. Op
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C Programming Language:Controls:. C
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Image Processing:DIGITAL IMAGE PROC
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LINEAR PREDICTION OF SPEECHJ. D. Ma
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A.1 APPENDIX A INTRODUCTIONThis app
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XnYnTable A-1 Instruction Descripti
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Table A-1 Instruction Description N
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Table A-1 Instruction Description N
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Table A-2 DSP56K Addressing ModesAd
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The address register indirect addre
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A.SCONDITION CODE COMPUTATION15 14
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S1 SO Scaling Mode Signed Integer P
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Table A-5 Condition Code Computatio
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A.7 INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTIONSThe fol
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ABSAbsolute ValueABSInstruction For
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ADC Add Long with Carry ADCresult.
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ADD Add ADDCondition Codes:15 14 13
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ADDL Shift Left and Add Accumulator
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ADDR Shift Right and Add Accumulato
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ANDLogical ANDANDInstruction Format
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ANDIAND Immediate with Control Regi
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ASL Arithmetic Shift Accumulator Le
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ASR Arithmetic Shift Accumulator Ri
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BCHG Bit Test and Change BCHGExplan
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BCHGBit Test and ChangeBCHGInstruct
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BCHGBit Test and ChangeBCHGInstruct
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BCHG Bit Test and Change BCHGNotes:
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BCLR Bit Test and Clear BCLRExplana
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BClRBit Test and ClearBClRInstructi
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BClRBit Test and ClearBClRInstructi
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BClR Bit Test and Clear BClRNotes:
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BSET Bit Test and Set BSETExplanati
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BSETBit Test and SetBSETInstruction
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BSETBit Test and SetBSETInstruction
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BSET Bit Test and Set BSETNotes: If
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BTSTBit TestBTSTCondition Codes:115
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8TSTBit Test8TSTInstruction Format:
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8TSTBit Test8TSTInstruction Format:
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CLRClear AccumulatorCLRInstruction
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CMP Compare CMPCondition Codes:15 1
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CMPM Compare Magnitude CMPMConditio
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DEBUGEnter Debug ModeDEBUGOpcode:23
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DEBUGcc Enter Debug Mode Conditiona
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DEC Decrement by One DECInstruction
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DIV Divide Interation DIVThe DIV in
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DIV Divide Interation DIVNote that
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DIVInstruction Format:DIV S,DDivide
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DO Start Hardware Loop DOexecuted 6
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DOStart Hardware LoopDOAt LAOther R
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DOStart Hardware LoopDOInstruction
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DOStart Hardware LoopDOInstruction
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DO Start Hardware Loop DONotes: If
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ENDDO End Current DO Loop ENDDOExpl
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EOR Logical Exclusive OR EORInstruc
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ILLEGALIllegal Instruction Interrup
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INC Increment by One INCInstruction
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Jcc Jump Conditionally JccRestricti
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JccJump ConditionallyJccEffectiveAd
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JCLR Jump If Bit Clear JCLRRestrict
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JCLRJump If Bit ClearJCLRInstructio
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JCLR Jump If Bit Clear JCLRInstruct
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JMPJumpJMPInstruction Fields:xxx=12
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JSccJump to Subroutine Conditionall
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JScc Jump to Subroutine Conditional
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JSCLR Jump to Subroutine if Bit Cle
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JSCLRJump to Subroutine If Bit Clea
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JSCLRJump to Subroutine If Bit Clea
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JSCLR Jump to Subroutine If Bit Cle
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JSET Jump if Bit Set JSETRestrictio
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JSETJump if Bit SetJSETInstruction
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JSET Jump If Bit Set JSETInstructio
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JSR Jump to Subroutine JSRInstructi
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JSSET Jump to Subroutine if Bit Set
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JSSETJump to Subroutine if Bit SetJ
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JSSET Jump to Subroutine if Bit Set
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LSL Logical Shift Left LSLCondition
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LSR Logical Shift Right LSRConditio
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LUALoad Updated AddressLUACondition
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MAC Signed Multiply-Accumulate MACC
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MACSigned Multiply-AccumulateMACTim
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MACR Signed Multiply-Accumulate and
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MACR Signed MUltiply-Accumulate and
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MOVE Move Data MOVEExplanation of E
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MOVE Move Data MOVEWhen a 56-bit ac
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No Parallel Data MoveInstruction Fo
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I Immediate Short Data Move IExampl
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I Immediate Short Data Move IDDD d
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R Register to Register Data Move RE
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R Register to Register Data Move RI
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uAddress Register UpdateuInstructio
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X: X Memory Data Move X:Note:Due to
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X: X Memory Data Move X:S D DS,D d
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X: X Memory Data Move X:S D DS,D d
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X:R X Memory and Register Data Move
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Y: Y Memory Data Move Y:Note: This
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Y: Y Memory Data Move Y:S D DS,D d
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Y: Y Memory Data Move Y:S D DS,D d
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R:V Register and V Memory Data Move
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R:V Register and Y Memory Data Move
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R:V Register and Y Memory Data Move
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L: Long Memory Data Move L:Example:
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L: Long Memory Data Move L:Instruct
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X: Y: xv Memory Data Move X: Y:Exam
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X: Y: xv Memory Data Move X: Y:S1 D
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MOVEC Move Control Register MOVECst
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MOVEC Move Control Register MOVECCo
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MOVECMove Control RegisterMOVECInst
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MOVEC Move Control Register MOVECTi
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MOVEM Move Program Memory MOVEMoper
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MOVEM Move Program Memory MOVEMInst
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MOVEMMove Program MemoryMOVEMInstru
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MOVEP Move Peripheral Data MOVEPist
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MOVEP Move Peripheral Data MOVEPCon
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MOVEP Move Peripheral Data MOVEPIns
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MOVEP Move Peripheral Data MOVEPIns
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MPY Signed Multiply MPYExplanation
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MPY Signed Multiply MPYInstruction
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MPYR Signed Multiply and Round MPYR
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MPYR Signed Multiply and Round MPYR
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NEGNegate AccumulatorNEGInstruction
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NOPNo OperationNOPInstruction Forma
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NORM Normalize Accumulator Iteratio
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NOTLogical ComplementNOTInstruction
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ORLogical Inclusive ORORInstruction
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ORI OR Immediate with Control Regis
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REP Repeat Next Instruction REPRest
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REPRepeat Next InstructionREPInstru
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REPRepeat Next InstructionREPInstru
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REP Repeat Next Instruction REPNote
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RESETReset On-Chip Peripheral Devic
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RND Round Accumulator RNDConvergent
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RNDRound AccumulatorRNDInstruction
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ROL Rotate Left ROLCondition Codes:
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ROR Rotate Right RORCondition Codes
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RTIReturn from InterruptRTIConditio
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RTSReturn from SubroutineRTSInstruc
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sec Subtract Long with Carry secExp
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secSubtract Long with CarrysecInstr
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STOPStop Instruction ProcessingSTOP
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SUB Subtract SUBCondition Codes:S -
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SUBL Shift Left and Subtract Accumu
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SUBR Shift Right and Subtract Accum
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SWISoftware InterruptSWICondition C
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Tee Transfer Conditionally Teetion
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Tee Transfer Conditionally TeeInstr
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TFR Transfer Data ALU Register TFRC
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TSTTest AccumulatorTSTInstruction F
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WAIT Wait for Interrupt WAITConditi
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including the number of words per i
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5. Compute final results.Thus, base
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JLC (R2+N2)will requireand will exe
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Table A-6 Instruction Timing Summar
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Note that the "ap" term in Table A-
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Table A-14 Memory Access Timing Sum
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Other RestrictionsDO SSH,xxxxJSR to
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Immediately before MOVEC from SSH o
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A.9.S REP RestrictionsThe REP instr
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Table A-18 Triple-Bit Register Enco
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Table A-24 Program Control Unit Reg
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R: Register to Register Parallel Da
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JSSETJSSET#n,X:pp,XXXX#n,Y:pp,xxxx2
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JSSET#n,S,xxxx23 16 15 87 000001011
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BCHGBCHG#n,X:aa#n,Y:aa23 16 15 87 0
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MOVE(M)MOVE(M)S,P:aaP:aa,DREP #XXXR
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LUAea,O23 16 15 87 0I 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
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ENDDO23 16 15 87 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 1
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Table A-28 Operation Code QQQ Decod
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Table A-30 Special Case #10 P E R C
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NEGD23 87 43 0DATA BUS MOVE FIELDLS
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ADDRS,D23 87 43 oDATA BUS MOVE FIEL
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lEI
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Table 8-1 27-MHz Benchmark Results
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.*._---*-----*-------**-------....
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;Latest Revision - September 30, 19
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All coefficients are divided by 2:w
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Real input FFT based on Glenn Bergl
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countountcountcountorg y:coefset 0d
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; Real-Valued FFT for MOTOROLA DSP5
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; first group in the last passmove
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A Accumulator ....... ' ...........
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-H- fast ..........................
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PGND ..............................
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DSP56K FAMILY INTRODUCTIONDSP56K CE
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