European Identity - Individual, Group and Society - HumanitarianNet

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106 EUROPEAN IDENTITY. INDIVIDUAL, GROUP AND SOCIETYEducation in Europe at present not only from Directorate GeneralEducation and Culture (Tempus and Tempus Meda Programmes 4 ,Programmes with USA 5 , Canada 6 , Japan, for example), wee will noteven refer to other units like Europaid with programmes such as theALFA 7 , ALBAN 8 and @lis programmes with Latin America or Asian-Link 9with Philippines, China and India.Due to its specific reference to European identity, it is necessary torefer to the latest Education and Culture (EAC) announced programme:ERASMUS world 10 . This has a clear positioning in the context ofglobalisation and interdependence. The response of the member statesand of the European Union to the needs of Higher Education can notremain limited to the geographical borders of Europe.EAC considers that there is a need to guarantee the attractivecapacity of the European system of higher education throughout theworld based on its great cultural tradition but, furthermore, on thequality built up by joint co-operation. EAC also considers that there is afurther need to take advantage of the potential and the synergiesbetween centres of higher education and research in Europe in orderto advance the society of knowledge.Opening the borders of Europe would be particularly relevant inrelation to intercultural dialogue between peoples and cultures. This isseen as a strategic priority to promote understanding and tolerance inthe world.ERASMUS WORLD is an example of a measure with clear objectivesin order to bring about a higher degree of the European dimension.Whatever the programme achieves, the search for a European HigherEducation with a quality mark and able to attract people from all overthe world relates clearly to the issue of European identity. The needsthat the programme points out relate to:Lack of a European profile: a lack of identity in European HigherEducation with an absence of emblematic projects, and a risk of increasingthe lack of understanding, which calls for more co-ordinated actions.As a consequence, the specific objectives also relate to the need formore visibility:4http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/tempus/home.html5http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/ec-usa/usa.html6http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/canada/canada.html7http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/alfa/index_en.htm8http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/alban/index_en.htm9http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/projects/asia-link/index_en.htm10http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/erasmus.html
WHAT UNDERLIES EUROPEAN POLICIES? INSTITUTIONAL OBJECTIVES IN ... 107Availability of specifically European education, that is, an educationwith a higher profile, more visible and able to create greater interest ata world scale. It follows that strategies to build closer co-operationamong the Higher Education Institutions and the member states areneeded to produce this profile with a good management of diversity asrichness.It is interesting to note that it is in the recent communication of theCommission —“A project for the European Union”— that, for the firsttime and in a general contribution to the debate on the future ofEurope, education is mentioned as one of the policies to reinforce theEurope of knowledge and employment and growth.A second set of actors comes into the scene around 1998 with theSorbone Declaration, followed by the Bologna Declaration 1999. Theprocess Bologna-Prague-Berlin was also set in motion and, this time, bythe Ministers of Education of the member states. The objective of thecreation of a common area of Higher Education was as logical asrevolutionary, and it initiated a process of Reforms in Higher Educationin all the signatory countries. This development of a common area ofHigher Education in Europe, matched by a parallel common area ofresearch launched by Directorate General for Research, is a powerfulweapon to advance towards a European identity.Important measures were agreed upon:—The development of a system of easily readable and compatibledegrees based on two cycles.—The adoption of a common system such as the European creditsystem to measure outcomes and student workload.—The generalized introduction of the Diploma Supplement tobring understanding and transparency to the degrees from allover the world.—The promotion of mobility.These measures were to be followed up by the promotion ofEuropean co-operation in quality assurance; the development of bothspecific joint curricula and modules and units fostering the EuropeanDimension. The creation of European Higher Education Area should alsobe relevant to learning throughout the whole life of the person sinceknowledge needs continuous up-dating, and changes in employmentmay require the development of a different set of competences. Animportant objective in these developments and in the whole process isthe Promotion of the Attractiveness of the European Higher EducationArea. The impact of this creation of a common area of Higher Educationis difficult to measure at this point; but it is clearly transforming the
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Inés María Gómez-Chacón (ed.)Eu
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European Identity.Individual, Group
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ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 914. The Construction of E
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12 EUROPEAN IDENTITY. INDIVIDUAL, G
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Opening AddressCamino Cañón Loyes
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OPENING ADDRESS 29throughout histor
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OPENING ADDRESS 31—To gather expe
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OPENING ADDRESS 33European nature a
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1.What do we Mean When we Say Europ
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 39W
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 41O
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 43u
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 45e
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 47A
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Page 127 and 128: 8.Boderline Europeans:Nationalisms
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158 EUROPEAN IDENTITY. INDIVIDUAL,
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11.What Makes us European? Identity
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WHAT MAKES US EUROPEAN? IDENTITY CO
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12.The Meaning of European Identity
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THE MEANING OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY: P
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14.The Construction of the European
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE EUROPEAN ID
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ConclusionTHE CONSTRUCTION OF THE E
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16.Images of Europe: the Perspectiv
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IMAGES OF EUROPE: THE PERSPECTIVE O
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22.The Construction of European Ide
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF EUROPEAN IDENTI
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