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268 EUROPEAN IDENTITY. INDIVIDUAL, GROUP AND SOCIETYcultural values. He abandons the notion that the West is completelyhomogenous, which allows him to conceive of it as a complex systemin which certain elements can enter into harmony with those fromother systems. Consequently, taking parts or products from the systemdoes not mean a general acceptance of the West; it does mean,however, that one must have a choice when borrowing from thissystem so that the ensuing relation is a harmonious one. To that end,Soroush proposes having confidence in ones own cultural resourcesand actively participating in the process of introspection so as to openup to the “other” without fears or complexes 28 .This new form of knowledge will also serve as a cathartic processthrough which to overcome the fascination for the West, now morereal than imaginary.In this connection, Shariati, perhaps the most important thinker ofthe Iranian revolution, urged the Islamist youth and students to comeout of their cultural alienation and to look for new intellectual forms ofthinking situated between Western and traditional forms: “(…) themasses inherit a well-elaborated and cooked food and do not have toexert any effort to make their choice, they only have to examine it. Inthe same way, they do not have to be bothered with choosing, forsome well-packaged consumer products reach them directly from theWest, and it is enough just to open and consume them (...). But amongthese two options are those that can resign themselves to continuebeing submersed in some out-of-date criteria, not even to consume theideological products that have arrived from the West throughout thelast century. Those intellectuals hope to elaborate for themselves,through choice, their own intellectual product.” 29This new perception judged the legacy of Westernization in a morebalanced way, without considering it the only road to happiness, butnot a misfortune either. Rather it recognized that only through contactwith other cultures and ways of thinking could people obtain thenecessary resources to protect themselves in their international, Stateand market relations.This proposal for dialogue and synthesis received a favourableresponse in the reunion that the EU and the Islamic Conference held inIstanbul in the Spring of 2002, under the motto of “Civilization andHarmony”, demonstrating their rejection of a North American initiativeto invade Iraq.28Merinero, M.ª J. (2001). Iran. Towards a Promising Disorder. Madrid, Ed., LosLibros de la Catarata, p. 181and following pages.29Shariati, A. (1982) Histoire et destinée. Paris, Sindbad, p. 110.
IMAGES OF EUROPE: THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE ISLAMIC PEOPLE. FROM ... 269To ensure that this understanding and dialogue are productive, theWest must get to know who the Islamists are while always keeping inmind their diversity of attitudes. At the same time, the West must bewilling to participate in a dialogue with the most open-minded sectors,which constitute the vast majority, in order to prevent the most radicalsectors from imposing their criteria.Furthermore, through this dialogue the West must recognize thatno culture is pure and that all are hybrids, products of imitations andcreations, a synthesis between modernity and tradition. Culture is notsomething that is given but rather borrowed; consequently, it is uselessto restrict oneself to the authentic, the autochthonous, for if culture ismalleable in time, it is equally malleable in space.
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Inés María Gómez-Chacón (ed.)Eu
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European Identity.Individual, Group
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ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . .
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CONTENTS 914. The Construction of E
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12 EUROPEAN IDENTITY. INDIVIDUAL, G
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Opening AddressCamino Cañón Loyes
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OPENING ADDRESS 29throughout histor
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OPENING ADDRESS 31—To gather expe
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OPENING ADDRESS 33European nature a
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1.What do we Mean When we Say Europ
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 39W
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 41O
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 43u
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 45e
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WHAT WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY EUROPE 47A
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3.Europe, from the Institutional Re
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EUROPE, FROM THE INSTITUTIONAL REFE
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4.The European Dimension of Educati
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THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION OF EDUCATION
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100 EUROPEAN IDENTITY. INDIVIDUAL,
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6.European Programmes from SpainEnc
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EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES FROM SPAIN 113(
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EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES FROM SPAIN 115S
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EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES FROM SPAIN 117s
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EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES FROM SPAIN 119A
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7.Is the European Model Being Rejec
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IS THE EUROPEAN MODEL BEING REJECTE
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IS THE EUROPEAN MODEL BEING REJECTE
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8.Boderline Europeans:Nationalisms
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BODERLINE EUROPEANS: NATIONALISMS A
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9.Difference as Destabilizing Facto
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DIFFERENCE AS DESTABILISING FACTOR
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11.What Makes us European? Identity
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WHAT MAKES US EUROPEAN? IDENTITY CO
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12.The Meaning of European Identity
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THE MEANING OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY: P
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22.The Construction of European Ide
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THE CONSTRUCTION OF EUROPEAN IDENTI
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