Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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the gas quantity used is equal to the energy content of the biogas quantity fed into the network."In 2000 the German Biogas Association established a working group on biogas introduction to thenatural gas grid. The purpose is to describe the technical possibilities for introduction of biogas andto prepare regulations of fixed fees for the introduced gas [lit.57]. The German Biogas Associationhas proposed to make a parallel law for introduction of upgraded biogas to the natural gas grid, tocompensate the injected upgraded biogas or the transport through the grid, to deduct the mineral oiltaxes from biogas etc.A shift to natural gas in the heat as well as in the power market is expected, however, injection ofupgraded biogas is not considered at all in a most recent climate study unlike other renewables,such as solar heat or combustion of biomass [lit.67].The cabinett has decided on July 26, 2000 to reduce CO 2 -emissions until 2005 as compared to1990 by about 18 - 20%, corresponding to a total absolute reduction of 180 - 200 million ton [lit.68].The actual deficit of some 50 - 70 million ton has to be shared by private households and inbuildings 18 - 25 million ton, by power suppliers and industry 20 - 25 million ton and by traffic 15 -20 million ton.Taxation and incentivesStromeinspeisungsgesetzThe federal act concerning the feeding of green electricity into the national grid defines regulationsfor purchases of systems with an installed capacity of less than 5 MW.The federal act concerning the feeding of green electricity into the national grid that came into forceon January 1st 1991 defines regulations for systems with an installed capacity of less than 5 MW.This regulation provides feed-in tariffs for small hydros, landfill gas and biomass electricity, which isfired with wood waste from the industry (installations up to 5 MW). Wind and solar energy are notincluded in the regulation as far as the capacity is concerned. The energy utilities are obliged topurchase electricity produced from renewables within their respective supply areas, at prices whichare fixed at the national level and apply throughout the year. The price is set on the basis of theaverage revenue (without countervailing tariff and sales tax) during the two previous years. Thevalue for 1995, as published in the official federal statistics, is the starting point for the 1997calculations and amounts to 0.096 €/kWh.The rate for electricity from hydro and biomass systems with an output of less than 500 kW totals atleast 80% of the average revenue (currently 0.077 €/kWh), for those with an output of more than500 kW the feed-in tariff is at least 65% of average revenue (0.063 €/kWh).page: 105
Subsidies and fundingThere are several regional and national programmes that provide subsidies or cheap loans forinvestments in biomass technology for energy production:• ERP-Umwelt und Energiesparprogram• DtA-Umweltprogramm (Deutsche Ausgleichbank)• Umweltschutz-Bürgschaftsprogramm• DtA-Umweltprogramm mit Zinzuschuss des BMU• KfW-Umweltprogramm für Unternehmen• Nutzung erneuerbare Energiequellen• Agrarinvestionsförderungsprogramm• Demonstrationsvorhaben• Agrarinvestitionsförderungsprogramm, Baden-Württemberg• Investionen im Regionalprogramm• Technologie-Einführungsprojekt Holz- und Biomasseheizungen in Bayern• REN-Programm• Agrarinvestionsförderungsprogramm, Brandenburg• Energieeinsparung/Erneuerbare Energiequellen• Hessisches Energiegesetz• Erneuerbare Energien, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern• Erneuerbare Energien, Niedersachsen• REN-Programm Nordrhein-Westfalen• Erneuerbare Energien, Reinland-Pfalz• Saarländisches Zukunftsenergieprogramm• Vorhaben des Immisions- und Klimaschutzes, Programmteil B• Gewinnung von Deponie- und Klärgas• Rationelle und Umweltfreundliche Energieverwendung und Nutzung von erneuerbaren Energien• Massnahmen zur Emissionssenkung7.3.6 The NetherlandsThe energy policy of the Netherlands aims at lowering the energy intensity of the society in the mostcost-effective way. Secondary to this is the use of renewable energy sources. The long-termperspective is to lower the dependency on external energy sources, lowering the economic andsocial cost of the energy supply and a growing sustainability of the society. Biomass plays animportant role in this policy.page: 106
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
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Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
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4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
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Removal of carbon dioxide by water
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Selexol from the flash tank is depr
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poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
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Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
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gas system is maintained by a contr
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In the gasification process the fir
Page 53 and 54:
A catalytic process requires a feed
Page 55 and 56: In all countries gas in a distribut
Page 57 and 58: 6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
Page 59 and 60: In Europe only two kinds of natural
Page 61 and 62: Component or quality Unit Limit or
Page 63 and 64: The directive thus also provides po
Page 65 and 66: Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
Page 67 and 68: Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
Page 69 and 70: 6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125 and 126: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134: fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140: active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142: • Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144: Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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