Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Upgraded gasGas dryerWater pumpRaw biogasAbsorptioncolumnCompressorFlashtankFilterBiofilterVent gas(CO2)WaterseparatorDesorptioncolumnCoolerAirblowerFigure 6: Water wash process to reduce carbon dioxyde concentration including regeneration of thewaterPlant examplesParameter Unit Process Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4Location/name Trollhättan Uppsala Linköping KalmarCapacity range m 3 10 - 1000 140 200 660 60 - 70biogas/hInput· methane%45 - 75 60 - 70 63 - 70 68 - 69 64 - 67· carbon dioxide%25 - 55 29 - 39 29 - 36 30 - 32 33 - 36· nitrogen%< 1 no data no data 0 - 0.10· hydrogen sulphideppm< 200 7 no data no data70 100 - 450Output· methane· carbon dioxide· air· dewpoint%%%°CProcess conditions· adsorption pressure Bar· water flow 8· adsorption temperature °C· pressure in flash tank bar· desorption pressure bar> 98< 2< 1.520 - 356 - 1220 - 352 - 5atmospheric12 - 2096 - 971.5 - 21-1006 - 7no datano dataatmosphericno data93 - 972 - 41 - 2.5-807.5no datano dataatmosphericno data96 - 982.30-1< -808 - 8.5no datano dataatmosphericno data94 - 964 - 60 - 1< -308no datano dataatmosphericno datam 3 /hSupplier FEAB FEAB FEAB FEABInvestment M€ no data 0.86 2.5 no dataOperational costs K€/year no data no data no data no dataTable 13: Removal of carbon dioxide using water wash with regeneration78High pressure system includedDepending on the absorption pressure and degree of regeneration, for every 100 m 3 /h processed biogaspage: 39
Removal of carbon dioxide by water wash without regenerationCarbon dioxide is absorbed in water at elevated pressure. Cleaned biogas is compressed and fedinto the bottom of an absorption column. Water is fed from the top of the column to achieve a gasliquidcounter flow. The column is equipped with random packing to give a large surface for gasliquidcontact and internals for the collecting and redistribution of water. Carbon dioxide is absorbedby the water and the gas leaving the top of the column is stripped from most of the carbon dioxidecontent.Methane is partly soluble in pressurised water and therefore some methane will be removed withthe water. To minimise the losses of methane, the water is depressurised in a flash tank afterleaving the absorption column. The released gas mixture is rich in methane and is recirculated tothe compressor inlet.The water used for absorption is not recirculated but used only once. As water source fresh watercan be used, but the main feature with this process is to utilise ‘cheap’ water, that is water that hasno value and thus does not add to the operational costs. A typical installation is at a sewage watertreatment plant. Cleaned sewage water is sufficient for use in the absorption column. After the flashtank the water is depressurised by a regulator valve and returned to the sewage water treatmentsystem.Hydrogen sulphide is absorbed together with carbon dioxide in the absorption column. The processis not sensitive to hydrogen sulphide as the dissolved H 2 S is removed with the water outlet. Theproduct gas is saturated with water and has to be dried.Figure 7: Removal of carbon dioxide using water wash without regenerationpage: 40
Page 1 and 2: Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
Page 5 and 6: 2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
Page 7 and 8: Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
Page 9 and 10: is mixed with coal in a combustor p
Page 11 and 12: Comparing efficiency data is a diff
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
Page 15 and 16: The product revenues are the most u
Page 17 and 18: 3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
Page 19 and 20: 3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
Page 21 and 22: Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
Page 23 and 24: Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
Page 25 and 26: CompositionProcesscalorific value M
Page 27 and 28: 4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
Page 29 and 30: Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
Page 31 and 32: Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
Page 33 and 34: Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
Page 35 and 36: 600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
Page 39: 4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
Page 43 and 44: Selexol from the flash tank is depr
Page 45 and 46: poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
Page 47 and 48: Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
Page 49 and 50: gas system is maintained by a contr
Page 51 and 52: In the gasification process the fir
Page 53 and 54: A catalytic process requires a feed
Page 55 and 56: In all countries gas in a distribut
Page 57 and 58: 6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
Page 59 and 60: In Europe only two kinds of natural
Page 61 and 62: Component or quality Unit Limit or
Page 63 and 64: The directive thus also provides po
Page 65 and 66: Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
Page 67 and 68: Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
Page 69 and 70: 6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92:
the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94:
7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96:
7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98:
Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100:
Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102:
Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104:
CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106:
Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108:
Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112:
TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114:
Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116:
Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118:
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120:
14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122:
46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125 and 126:
fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128:
Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130:
used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132:
fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134:
fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136:
The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138:
Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140:
active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142:
• Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144:
Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
show all

Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?