Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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fixed bed gasification: LURGI-MPGProcess name: Lurgi Multi Purpose GasificationManufacturerLurgiOrigin:GermanyCapacity:typically 150,000 tons/yearDescription:fixed bed gasifier• pressure 1200 - 1450 °C• temperature 30 - 75 bar• reactants oxygen and steamStatus:demonstrated for coal and refinery residuesEfficiencynot reportedThe MPG gasification is carried out at temperatures of 1200 - 1450 °C and pressures of between 30 and 75bar. The feedstock enters the refractory-lined reactor through a top-mounted, specially designed burner.Oxygen is mixed with steam as a moderator prior to being fed to the burner.Reactor configurationsSoot and metals ashes are removed from the raw syngas by means of wash water. The resulting soot slurryis routed to slurry treatment. After separation of the ash-soot, the greater part of this water is recycled asreturn water to the washing units. The excess water is routed to waste water treatment. The gasification unittypically consists of three main components: the reactor, the syngas cooling section and the carbonhandling system complemented by the Metals Ash Recovery System (MARS).To provide maximum feedstock and product flexibility, Lurgi offers two variants for the syngas coolingsection, the boiler and the quench configuration. The boiler configuration is suitable for feedstocks with lowconcentrations of contaminants, generates considerable amounts of high-pressure steam and offers highestenergy efficiency. The quench configuration is required when the feedstock contamination is above theboiler's. This configuration allows feedstocks like coke/coal slurries and wastes, offers highest flexibility atlowest investment cost.Quench configurationIn the quench configuration, the hot raw gas from the reactor is shock-cooled, ‘quenched’, with water whichis injected into a quench nozzle. The gas is cooled almost instantaneously to steam saturation temperatureand leaves the quench separator sideways. When processing high-ash feedstocks, the molten slag formingflows down the reactor wall into the quench nozzle where it is blast-cooled to form glassy spheres which arewithdrawn via the slag hopper. This glassy slag carries most of the heavy metals and water-insolubles. It isnon-leachable and can be easily disposed of (e.g. in road construction).The remaining ash and soot particles are removed from the gas in the venturi scrubber downstream of thequench. Further cooling occurs in a medium-pressure steam boiler, which generates steam at 15 to 30 bars.page: 125
Final cooling is accomplished by means of cooling water in a gas cooler from where the gas is routed to thedesulfurisation unit (e.g. Rectisol unit). The soot slurry forming in the venturi scrubber is collected togetherwith the condensates and sent to the metals ash recovery system.Boiler configurationIn the boiler configuration the hot raw gas enters directly a high-pressure steam boiler. The 100 to 140 barsteam generated can be used to power a steam turbine or in an IGCC power plant.Removal of the ash-soot particles from the raw gas is accomplished in a two-stage water wash. The latterconsists of a wash quench with a soot separator followed by a packed tower, the ash-soot scrubber. Afterleaving the scrubber at a temperature of about 40 °C, the gas can be desulfurised.Metals Ash Recovery System (MARS)The soot slurry from the gasification unit (in both the quench and boiler configuration) is routed to the MetalsAsh Recovery System (MARS). The slurry is filtered leaving a filter cake with residual moisture of about 80wt.% and a clear water filtrate, which is partly recycled as quench or scrubbing water. The filter cake issubjected to controlled combustion in a multiple-hearth furnace. This type of furnace allows the combustionof the soot to take place under conditions where the vanadium oxides (of refinery residues) neither melt norcorrode. The product is an approx. 75 wt.% vanadium concentrate (containing also the nickel and iron fromthe crude) which can be sold to metal reclaimers. The process is autothermal in principle, the heat ofcombustion being sufficient to evaporate the moisture content of the filter cake.Depending on the feedstock composition, the oxidant and the actual gasification temperature, the rawsyngas (H 2 , CO) contains H 2 O, CO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, N 2 , NH 3 , HCN and Ar in various concentrations.A 150,000 ton/year plant is located in Germany and operated by Schwarze Pumpe. Possible feedstocks aresewage sludge, household rubbish, plastic and wood. Products of the plant are methanol, electricity andsteam.fixed bed gasification: PRME-GASIFIERProcess name: PRMEManufacturerPRM Energy Systems, Inc.Capacity:1000 tons/day municipal wasteDescription:• pressure atmospheric• temperature 600 – 1300 ºC• reactants air or oxygenHomepagehttp://www.prmenergy.comThe PRME technology is designed as an air blown atmospheric gasifier, which operates under slightlypage: 126
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
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Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
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4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
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Removal of carbon dioxide by water
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Selexol from the flash tank is depr
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poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
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Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
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gas system is maintained by a contr
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In the gasification process the fir
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A catalytic process requires a feed
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In all countries gas in a distribut
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6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
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In Europe only two kinds of natural
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Component or quality Unit Limit or
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The directive thus also provides po
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Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
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Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
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6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
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6.2.7 Description of national or de
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Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134: fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140: active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142: • Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144: Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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