Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

More documents

Recommendations

Info

7.1.2 DenmarkThe production of biomass in Denmark is indicated in table 36.PJ/yearContribution ofbiomass %Inputs to power generation 42 10Final energy consumption 23 6Total 65 7Table 36: Biomass production in Denmark (1997) [lit.49]Biogas is produced at 20 large-scale plants and approximately 20 minor farm plants. The largescaleplants produced approximately 50 million m 3 of biogas in 1998, corresponding to an energyproduction of approximately 1.2 PJ. The feedstock is primarily manure (82%) and industrial waste(16%) [lit.50].According to ‘Energy 21’ [lit.51], the use of biomass for energy purposes was expected to increasefrom 50 PJ to some 75 PJ in 1999. Biomass would then comprise almost 10% of the totalconsumption of fuel in the year 2000.By 2012 sustainable energy resources are expected to account for approximately 120 PJ,corresponding to 15% of Denmark’s primary energy consumption of approximately 820 PJ. Amongthe sustainable energy resources, the consumption of solid biomass, i.e. straw (appr. 23 PJ), waste(appr. 32 PJ) and wood (appr. 23 PJ), is expected to make up approximately 80 PJ. According to‘Energy 21’, the consumption of renewable energy is expected to expand to approximately 100 PJ,corresponding to approximately 13% of the total energy consumption in 2005.The main part of the present exploitation of biomass takes place in plants which only produce heat.The objective of the development in the coming years is to increase the use of biomass in powerproducing plants. At the end of 2000 there would still be large, unexploited quantities of raw materialfor use in plants using biogas, landfill gas, and straw. The main part of the present wood resourceswill be exhausted, but it has been decided to increase Danish wood resources by afforestation. Inaddition, increased production of bio-energy, including energy crops, will be required to meet thedemand for biomass after 2005. In the long term, stable supplies of biomass will depend on landuse.In the ‘Follow-up on Energy 21’ [lit.52] the new projection of energy consumption and CO 2emissions shows that there is a deficit of some 3.5% in the national target (a 20% reduction in CO 2emissions in 2005 in relation to 1988 levels). In order to achieve the target in 2005, it is thereforenecessary to implement further initiatives. According to the projected figures, the expansion of windturbines will be greater than expected, whereas the use of biomass will be somewhat less than inEnergy 21.page: 81
7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produced from water treatment plants in Finland. The animal raising farms arerather small and located with fairly long distances between. Biogas production from manure istherefore almost non-existent because of the current legislation, that allows cheaper ways to handleanimal manure. The common method of manure treatment is composting. ASJ Stormossen biogasplant in Vaasa, produces about 1.7 million m 3 biogas per year (10,200 MWh) by processingbiomass. Some experimental farm-scale biogas plants processing animal manure are operating aswell.Plant typeNumberMunicipal sludge digesters 14Industrial plants 4Solid waste 1Landfill gas recovery plants 5Total 24Table 37: Biogas plants in FinlandFinland possesses extensive biomass resources. They consist of forest-, peat- and agro-basedbiomass. Table 38 gives a summary of these resources.ResourceProduction potentialPJ/yearFuel peat 169.6Forest residues 27.2Thinnings 25.5Bark 29.3 - 46.1Wood residues 12.6 - 16.7Black liquors 92.1 - 159.1Fire wood 50.2Reed canary grass 5.4Straw 5.9Wastes 20.9Total biomass 439 - 527Table 38: Biomass resources in FinlandUtilisation 2000(PJ/year)2010(PJ/year)Residential heating 43.4 41.8District heating 51.4 56.4Industry 207 247Condensing power 18.4 20.5Total 320 366Table 39: Annual utilisation potentials of biomass in FinlandThe total energy consumption in Finland (1998) was 1298 PJ. From this amount 70% was imported,mainly as coal, oil and natural gas. The cost of wood chips in Finland is 0.012 €/kWh.page: 82
Page 1 and 2:
Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
Page 5 and 6:
2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
Page 7 and 8:
Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
Page 9 and 10:
is mixed with coal in a combustor p
Page 11 and 12:
Comparing efficiency data is a diff
Page 13 and 14:
Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
Page 15 and 16:
The product revenues are the most u
Page 17 and 18:
3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
Page 19 and 20:
3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
Page 21 and 22:
Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
Page 23 and 24:
Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
Page 25 and 26:
CompositionProcesscalorific value M
Page 27 and 28:
4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
Page 29 and 30:
Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
Page 31 and 32: Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
Page 33 and 34: Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
Page 35 and 36: 600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
Page 39 and 40: 4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
Page 41 and 42: Removal of carbon dioxide by water
Page 43 and 44: Selexol from the flash tank is depr
Page 45 and 46: poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
Page 47 and 48: Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
Page 49 and 50: gas system is maintained by a contr
Page 51 and 52: In the gasification process the fir
Page 53 and 54: A catalytic process requires a feed
Page 55 and 56: In all countries gas in a distribut
Page 57 and 58: 6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
Page 59 and 60: In Europe only two kinds of natural
Page 61 and 62: Component or quality Unit Limit or
Page 63 and 64: The directive thus also provides po
Page 65 and 66: Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
Page 67 and 68: Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
Page 69 and 70: 6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125 and 126: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134:
fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136:
The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138:
Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140:
active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142:
• Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144:
Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
show all

Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?