Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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The availability of biomass to produce gas for addition to the grid is also reduced by competingbiomass to energy conversion options. For example co-firing of biomass with coal or natural gas ishighly attractive by the low investment and maintenance cost while there is an attractive market forgreen electricity.AmountPJ/yearyear 2000 2020Total produced biomass and organic waste 222 notindicatedUsed otherwise or not fit for conversion to energy 106 notindicatedAvailable for energy production 116 235Utilised for energy production 65 164Unused potential for energy production 51 71Net import of energy from biomass 0 0Table 45: Current (2000) and projected (2020) biomass utilisation in the Netherlands [lit.58]Future availability of biomass for energy productionThe available amount of biomass completely allows the production of energy from biomass asprojected by the government (in the year 2020 of 120 PJ - on the basis of avoided primary energy)[lit.59].The import of biomass opens a still wider perspective for the production of sustainable energy. Thisimport can be reached by physical import of biomass from abroad. The other possibility is the virtualimport of biomass. The forms of this virtual import are still in development.The most convincing way for the virtual import is buying bio-energy from a foreign producer. In 2004latest it will be possible for all electricity and gas users to buy these products from any producer.Current green energy providers in the Netherlands already buy green energy at foreign suppliers. Inthis case the supplier will physically feed the energy to the European grid.Another form is the application of the flexible mechanisms as provided in the Kyoto protocol. It maybe expected that the use of biomass as an energy source will be characterised as a reduction of thegreenhouse gas emissions. In the flexible mechanisms there is no need for a physical delivery ofgreen energy to the European grid.7.1.7 SwedenThe biogas production in Sweden origins mainly from waste water treatment plants. Most of theplants are treating sewage water from households, but there are some fairly big industrialinstallations at paper mills and sugar beet refineries.page: 87
Many landfills are equipped with gas recovery systems. The large landfill gas installations were builtin the late 1980’s for energy recovery purpose. Smaller landfills have been degassed during thefollowing years to meet environmental goals.Co-digestion started with some sewage water treatment plants that were designed for the handlingof liquid industrial wastes. In the late 1990’s the interest for co-digestion of wastes and manure as awaste management method started to increase and is still growing. The number of plants hasdoubled in the last five years and many more are planned for.Type of biogas plant Number Production(PJ/year)Waste water treatment plants 134 2.92Landfill plants 60 1.55Industrial waste treatment plants 8 0.32Centralised biogas plants, co-digestion 8 0.15Farm-scale plants 6 < 0.04Total 215 4.98Table 46: Biogas plants and production in SwedenSweden has large biomass resources. They consist of forest, peat and agro based biomass. Morethan 50% of the land area in Sweden is forest and almost 25% of the area consists of peat deposits.The total amount of peat in Sweden is calculated to more than 100 Gm 3 . This can be compared tothe world total peat production in 1996 that was 140 Mm 3 . Farming of energy crops for biogasproduction is very small today, but the potential is in the range of 20 to 55 PJ/year. Energy crops arestill too expensive to be utilised as raw material for biogas production. This is due to thecomparatively low prices on energy, especially electricity, in Sweden. Table 47 gives a summary ofthese resources.ResourceProduction potential,PJ/yearFuel peat 43Wood fuels 470Black liquors 120Manure 9Energy crops 79Straw 16Household wastes 21Wastes 54Total biomass 812Table 47: Potential biomass resources in Sweden 2020page: 88
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
Page 39 and 40: 4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
Page 41 and 42: Removal of carbon dioxide by water
Page 43 and 44: Selexol from the flash tank is depr
Page 45 and 46: poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
Page 47 and 48: Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
Page 49 and 50: gas system is maintained by a contr
Page 51 and 52: In the gasification process the fir
Page 53 and 54: A catalytic process requires a feed
Page 55 and 56: In all countries gas in a distribut
Page 57 and 58: 6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
Page 59 and 60: In Europe only two kinds of natural
Page 61 and 62: Component or quality Unit Limit or
Page 63 and 64: The directive thus also provides po
Page 65 and 66: Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
Page 67 and 68: Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
Page 69 and 70: 6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125 and 126: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134: fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
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active coal filter and cooled. The
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• Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
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Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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