Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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with correction for late developments. The capacity of the plant is chosen to be optimal in relation tothe size of Danish farms and their distribution.Aspect Unit ValueTreatment capacityM 3 /dayM 3 /year300109,500• 80% ManureM 3 /day240• 20% Organic wasteM 3 /day60Biogas production at 65% methaneM 3 /day 10,200at 34 m 3 biogas/m 3 biomassInvestmentsPlant investment M€ 4.0Vehicles investment €M 0.5Total costs*Treatment costsM€/year€/m 3 biomass0.556.0Transport costsPrice of gasBiogasTable 3: Characteristics ‘Centralised Plant of today’M€/year€/m 3 biomassC€/m 3 biogas*At 65% methane0.222.324*) Assumptions made:Interest rate5% per yearDepreciation of investments:Buildings20 yearsTanks/mechanical equipment 15 -Vehicles chassis 7 -Vehicle tanks 15 -The price, 24 c€/m 3 biogas (65% methane) is not discussed in this paragraph, but it is stressed thatno other potential sources of income have been anticipated in the price calculation.Farm biogas plantsNo consistent figures are available, but the following range of investments has been found. Thefarmer often performs the maintenance.page: 19
Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6Biogas production, 60% methane atM 3 /day 10017m 3 biogas/m 3 biomassInvestmentsPlant investment incl. powerK€ 100 - 300generationPrice of gas C€/m 3biogasn.a.Table 4: ‘Farm Plant’ characteristicsBiogas from farms is always used locally for heat and power production, no examples are knownwhere it has been upgraded and added to the gas grid.Sewage plantsNo consistent figures are available.LandfillNo consistent figures are available. The high content of nitrogen makes the gas unsuitable forupgrading and injection into a high calorific natural gas grid.3.2 SYNGAS FROM BIOMASS PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION3.2.1 General aspects of thermal biomass gasificationGasification technology for syngas production from biomassThe technology for the thermal gasification of biomass is mainly derived from the gasification ofcoal. There is a tremendous worldwide experience basis in the gasification of coal. The coalgasification is a mature technology able to fulfil any rational commercial requirements. Thisexperience started already in the 1850’s when the first coal gas pipelines came on stream. Currentcoal gasification technology has three branches to be distinguished by their reactor characteristics.These three branches are fixed bed, fluidised bed and entrained flow gasifiers.In the fixed bed the biomass is embedded in a flow of the reactant. During the gasification theremaining ashes are removed and new biomass is added. This causes some movement in thebiomass. In some gasifiers rotating the gasifier enhances this movement by some rotatingmovement in the reacting chamber. This movement is to remove the ashes and to enhance theinteraction of the reactant gases with the biomass.Essentially this reactor shows plug flow and has an essentially high conversion efficiency.page: 20
Page 1 and 2: Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
Page 5 and 6: 2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
Page 7 and 8: Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
Page 9 and 10: is mixed with coal in a combustor p
Page 11 and 12: Comparing efficiency data is a diff
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
Page 15 and 16: The product revenues are the most u
Page 17 and 18: 3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
Page 19: 3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
Page 23 and 24: Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
Page 25 and 26: CompositionProcesscalorific value M
Page 27 and 28: 4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
Page 29 and 30: Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
Page 31 and 32: Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
Page 33 and 34: Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
Page 35 and 36: 600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
Page 39 and 40: 4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
Page 41 and 42: Removal of carbon dioxide by water
Page 43 and 44: Selexol from the flash tank is depr
Page 45 and 46: poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
Page 47 and 48: Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
Page 49 and 50: gas system is maintained by a contr
Page 51 and 52: In the gasification process the fir
Page 53 and 54: A catalytic process requires a feed
Page 55 and 56: In all countries gas in a distribut
Page 57 and 58: 6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
Page 59 and 60: In Europe only two kinds of natural
Page 61 and 62: Component or quality Unit Limit or
Page 63 and 64: The directive thus also provides po
Page 65 and 66: Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
Page 67 and 68: Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
Page 69 and 70: 6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72:
6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76:
Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78:
Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80:
The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82:
Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84:
7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88:
Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90:
Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92:
the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94:
7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96:
7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98:
Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100:
Danish energy policy is to contribu
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Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
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CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106:
Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108:
Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112:
TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114:
Sweden has no actual program dedica
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Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118:
8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120:
14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122:
46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
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fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128:
Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130:
used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132:
fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134:
fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136:
The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138:
Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140:
active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142:
• Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144:
Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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