Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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61 Kugel, G., Lohmann, J.: Bio-Erdgas-L vom Gruppenklärwerk I des Niersverbandes. Gwfgas/erdgas124 (1983) 379-38562 Lohmann, J.H.: Waste Management & Research (1984).63 Weyer, H., Schwerfer, H.J. Kommunalwirtschaft (1983).64 Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, MSc. & Teodorita Al Seadi, Msc. South Jutland University Centre,Bioenergy Department.65 Press release of 03.07.00 of Fachverbandes Biogas: Biogaskonsens notwendig.66 Gezetz für den Vorrang Erneuerbarer Energien (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz -EEG).67 Klimaschutz durch Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Studie im Auftrag desBundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit und desUmweltbundesamtes, Berlin (UFOPLAN-Vorhaben 298 97 340) -Bonn, Münster, Stuttgart,Wuppertal, 31. Oktober 1999.68 Kabinett treibt globale Klimavorsorge voran, Die Säulen des nationalenKlimaschutzprogramm stehen.page: 121
APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomassDEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND UNITSCombustible gas obtained from a biological processAny organic material obtained from biological processesDigested manureSyngasAbbreviationsPSACHPIGCCBiomass leaving the digestion tankIn this report: gas directly obtained from a biomass or organic waste by pyrolysis orthermal gasification. Syngas can also be produceded from fossil energy sources ascoal or hydrocarbons.Pressure Swing Adsorption: in this report a process to remove carbon dioxide fromraw biogas to adjust the Wobbe-index to specification.Combined Heat and Power productionIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle€ 1 Eurok€ 1,000 Euro = kilo EuroM€ 1,000,000 Euro = mega Euroc€ 0.01 Euro = Euro centConventions on unitsm 3Througout this report: normal cubic meterconcentrationMole procentage, mole fractions or ppm’s, unless otherwise indicated. All volumepercentages are considered like mole percentagesbarPressure above atmospheric in bar (gauge pressure)mbarPressure in mbarpage: 122
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
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Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
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4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
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Removal of carbon dioxide by water
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Selexol from the flash tank is depr
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poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
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Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
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gas system is maintained by a contr
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In the gasification process the fir
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A catalytic process requires a feed
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In all countries gas in a distribut
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6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
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In Europe only two kinds of natural
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Component or quality Unit Limit or
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The directive thus also provides po
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Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
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Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
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6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 125 and 126: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134: fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140: active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142: • Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144: Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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