Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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29 EN 437: Test gases - Test pressures - Appliance categories, 1993.30 ÖVGW: Mitteilung G 33 - Deponiegas, ÖVGW Wien, 1992.31 Heinrich h., Wegener R.: Classification methods for the knock resistance of gaseous fuels -an attempt towards unification, 199 ASME ICE Fall Technical Conference, Ann Arbor, 1999.32 ISO/FDIS 15403: Natural gas - Designation of the quality of natural gas for use as acompressed fuel for vehicles, Geneva, 2000.33 European Union: “Directive 98/30/EG”, The official newspaper of the European Union21.7.1998.34 ISO/DIS 14532.2 Natural Gas - Terminology.35 EC/PLE, Study on Interoperability of Gas Networks in EU Countries, Final Report,24.06.1999.36 Swedish standard 155438: Biogas as fuel for high-speed Otto engines.37 Jean Claude Weber, Biogaseinspeisung ins öffentilche Erdgasnetz, GWA2/98.38 ISO 6976:”Natural gas - Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbeindex from composition”.39 ISO 6974: “Natural gas - Determination of composition with defined uncertainty by gaschromatography”.40 ISO 6975: “Natural gas - Extended analysis”.41 ISO 6326: “Natural gas - Determination of sulphur compounds”.42 ISO 10723: ‘Natural gas - Performance evaluation for on-line analytical systems”.43 DVGW G 492: “Anlagen für die Gasmengenmessung”.44 DVGW G 685: “Gasabrechnung”.45 ISO 15970: “Natural gas - Measurement op properties - Volumetric properties”.page: 119
46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Measurement op properties - Combustion properties”.47 ISO 15972: “Natural gas - Measurement op properties - Single components andcondensation properties”.48 E.V.A - the Austrian Energy Agency, 1998.49 Energy in Europe. 1999 - Annual Energy Review. Directorate-General for Energy. EuropeanCommission. January 2000.50 Særnummer af Dansk Bioenergi. ISSN 0908-0260. Risskov: Biopress, June 1999.51 Energy 21. Danish Energy Agency. Copenhagen, April 1996.52 Follow-up on Energy 21 - Status of Energy Planning June 1999. Danish Energy Agency.Copenhagen, July 1999.53 Slurry tank gastight covering generalization with valorization of the biogas produced inFrance and Catalonia. Altener contract no. XVII/4.1030/Z/98-402. Labège: Eden, July 2000.54 Information from ”Association Eden”. Labege, August 2000.55 Tentscher, W. Information on biogas upgrading in Germany. September 2000.56 Tentscher, W.: Der Landwirt als Produzent von Grünem Gas im Netzverbund – NeuePerspektiven für die Landwirtschaft. Der Landwirt als Energiewirt, II. InternationaleEUROSOLAR-Konferenz, im Rahmen der Grünen Woche Berlin. Berlin, January 14-15,2000.57 Fachverband Biogas e.V. Freising, Germany. (www.boxer99.de/biogas.htm)58 EWAB Marsroutes 2020, NOVEM, August 2000.59 Derde Energienota ("Third minute in Energy") Ministry of Economic affairs.60 du Preez, J. et al.: Opgradering af biogas til naturgaskvalitet ved hjaelp aflavtryksmembraner. Slutrapport. Odense: Bioscan A/S, July 2000.page: 120
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
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Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
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4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
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Removal of carbon dioxide by water
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Selexol from the flash tank is depr
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poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
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Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
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gas system is maintained by a contr
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In the gasification process the fir
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A catalytic process requires a feed
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In all countries gas in a distribut
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6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
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In Europe only two kinds of natural
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Component or quality Unit Limit or
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The directive thus also provides po
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Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
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Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
Page 69 and 70: 6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
Page 71 and 72: 6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125 and 126: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134: fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140: active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142: • Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144: Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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