Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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Nearly two hundred Foster Wheeler combustion and gasification systems are in operation. Recently a FWCFB was delivered to the Lathi plant in Finland. The FW CFB process is used to deliver heat andcombustible gases to a power plant. The FW CFB performs partly as a gasifier and partly as a combustor.The syngas has a calorific value of only 2 MJ/m 3 . The conversion of carbon to fuel gases and heat reacheshowever an efficiency of 99.8%.fluidised bed gasification:LURGI FLUID BEDProcess descriptioncirculating fluidised bedManufacturerLurgiReaction temperature about 750 °CReaction pressureatmosphericReactantsairClean uptwo sequencing cyclones, cooling, bag house filter, two stage scrubbingIn an international consortium Lurgi is installing an 8000 kg/hour gasifier near Pisa (Italy). This gasifier is apart of a biomass fired Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) plant. The total energy energyefficiency of the plant is 32%. Expecting about 40 - 50% efficiency for a 10 MWe combined cycle plant, thegasification efficiency is about 80 - 70%. The ‘first of a kind’ cost of this installation are 2300 €/kWe. Laterplants can be built at a substantially lower cost.Quality Value UnitComponents• Carbon monoxide22 %• Hydrogen17 %• Methane4 %• Other hydrocarbons2 %• Carbon dioxide13 %• Nitrogen and argon41 %• Water1 %Calorific value 7 MJ/m 3Table 63: Syngas properties from the Lurgi fluidised bed processA Lurgi CFB-gasifier system including cleaning will cost about 50 M€ for 100 MWth input.fluidised bed gasification:PYROFLOWprocess name:Pyroflow also known as Ahlstrom PyropowerManufacturerFOSTER WHEELER ENERGIE OYOrigin:Finlanddescription:atmospheric, circulation fluidised-bed gasifiercapacity:15 - 35 MWthnumber: 5 plants in operation since 1981page: 131
fluidised bed gasification:SELTECprocess name:Pyroflow also known as Ahlstrom PyropowerManufacturerFOSTER WHEELER ENERGIE OYOrigin:Finlanddescription:atmospheric, circulation fluidised-bed gasifiercapacity:15 - 35 MWthnumber: 5 plants in operation since 1981fluidised bed gasification:STORKProcess descriptioncirculating fluidised bedManufacturerStorkcapacity500 kWthEnergy efficiency 62%Reactantsair and steamClean uptwo cyclonesQuality Value UnitComponents• Carbon monoxide11 %• Hydrogen8 %• Methane4 %• Other hydrocarbons 1 %• Carbon dioxide15 %• Nitrogen and argon 10 %Contaminants• Ammonia• Light tars• Heavy tars1700 ppm6 g/m 3800 mg/m 3Calorific value 5 MJ/m 3Table 64: Example syngas properties from the Stork plant at ECN operating on biomassThe Stork gasifier is a circulating fluidised bed gasifier designed for experiments installed at ECN in Petten.The maximum input of the installation amounts to 500 kWth. Different feedstocks can be used as input fuel.The biomass is gasified using air and steam.The experimental system exists of several feeding tanks to allow the mixing of different feedstocks, areactor (6 m high) with air and steam inputs, a circulation loop with cyclone and an additional cyclone forseparating the ashes.There is a bench scale plant at ECN in Petten. A demonstration plant will be built in Hengelo, theNetherlands.page: 132
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
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Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
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4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
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Removal of carbon dioxide by water
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Selexol from the flash tank is depr
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poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
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Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
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gas system is maintained by a contr
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In the gasification process the fir
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A catalytic process requires a feed
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In all countries gas in a distribut
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6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
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In Europe only two kinds of natural
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Component or quality Unit Limit or
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The directive thus also provides po
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Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
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Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
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6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
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6.2.7 Description of national or de
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Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
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Measurement methodDetection tubes f
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Descriptioncalculation of propertie
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The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 125 and 126: fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140: active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142: • Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144: Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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