Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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APPENDIX 2:EXAMPLES OF PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF SYNGAS FROM BIOMASS ANDORGANIC WASTEFixed bed• Bioneer• Eisenmann fixed bed• Lurgi-MPG• PRME• PrometheusFluidised bed• BTS fluid bed• Eisenmann fluid bed• Foster-Wheeler• Lurgi fluid bed• Pyroflow• SELTEC• Stork• TPSPyrolysis• Batelle/Ferco• Brightstar• EVN• Gibros• Noell• Thermoselect• ThermogenicsHydrogenation• ECNThis appendix summarises the description of some thermal gasification processes as far as readilyavailable. Some descriptions are rather complete, others are rather limited due to a lack of relevantpublished information.page: 123
fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProcess name: BIONEERManufacturerFoster Wheeler Energia OyOrigin:FinlandCapacity:5 MWthDescription:Updraft fixed-bed• pressure Atmospheric• reactants AirStatus: 10 plants successful in operation since 1982Efficiency: 95 - 97%fixed bed gasification: EISENMANNProcess name: Eisenmann rotary drum gasificationDescription:rotary drum gasifier• pressure atmospheric• temperature 400 - 450 °C• reactants noneThis process uses a rotary drum for the gasification biomass or other organic materials. In this reactor thebiomass is converted into lean gas. The energy for drying, heating and endothermic gasification is providedby a hot gas recirculation system. A part of the required energy is obtained from the reaction of the organicmaterial reacts with the oxygen entrained with the biomass.A fan extracts the process gas from the reactor. The dust particles entrained from the reactor with theexhaust process gas are separated out by a cyclone. A part of the exhaust process gas is transferreddirectly to the combustion chamber, while the remaining is heated to max. 650 °C by a gas burner in a gasheater and then returned to the gasification reactor. This recirculation system is also used at start up to heatthe plant to the required operating temperature.The inclination and speed of the drum reactor can be varied. The level, dwell time and circulation of thematerial in the reactor are controlled via the inclination, speed, shape and arrangement of the guide vanes.Material and process air flow concurrently through the reactor.The temperature of the exhaust gas from the reactor and of the return gas is measured and controlledcontinuously. The temperature in the reactor is set to a value between 400 and 450 °C. The rotating drumreactor is installed in a static housing with external insulation.Generated gas is used mainly in a spark-ignition gas engine for generating electricity. The exhaust gas willpass a heat exchanger and the recovered heat will be used for drying the biomass feed.page: 124
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Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
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CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANC
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2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
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Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
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is mixed with coal in a combustor p
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Comparing efficiency data is a diff
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Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
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The product revenues are the most u
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3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
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3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
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Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
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Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
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CompositionProcesscalorific value M
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4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
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Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
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Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
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Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
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600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
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Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
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4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
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Removal of carbon dioxide by water
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Selexol from the flash tank is depr
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poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
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Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
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gas system is maintained by a contr
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In the gasification process the fir
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A catalytic process requires a feed
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In all countries gas in a distribut
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6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
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In Europe only two kinds of natural
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Component or quality Unit Limit or
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The directive thus also provides po
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Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
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Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
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6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
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6.2.7 Description of national or de
Page 73 and 74: Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
Page 75 and 76: Measurement methodDetection tubes f
Page 77 and 78: Descriptioncalculation of propertie
Page 79 and 80: The possibility of adding off-spec
Page 81 and 82: Europe among countries relying on e
Page 83 and 84: 7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
Page 85 and 86: Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
Page 87 and 88: Calorific Availability Market price
Page 89 and 90: Many landfills are equipped with ga
Page 91 and 92: the type and volume of the respecti
Page 93 and 94: 7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
Page 95 and 96: 7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
Page 97 and 98: Policy on renewable energyThe gener
Page 99 and 100: Danish energy policy is to contribu
Page 101 and 102: Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
Page 103 and 104: CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
Page 105 and 106: Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
Page 107 and 108: Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
Page 109 and 110: Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
Page 111 and 112: TargetsParallel with the target on
Page 113 and 114: Sweden has no actual program dedica
Page 115 and 116: Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
Page 117 and 118: 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
Page 119 and 120: 14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
Page 121 and 122: 46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
Page 123: APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
Page 127 and 128: Final cooling is accomplished by me
Page 129 and 130: used for direct drying applications
Page 131 and 132: fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
Page 133 and 134: fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
Page 135 and 136: The Battelle biomass gasification p
Page 137 and 138: Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
Page 139 and 140: active coal filter and cooled. The
Page 141 and 142: • Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
Page 143 and 144: Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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