Adding gas from biomass to the gas grid - SGC

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FOREWORDRD&D-projects performed by the Swedish Gas Center, are usuallypresented in reports, available to each and everyone who wants to share theresults of a project.SGC prints and publishes the reports but the authors of each report areresponsible for the accuracy of the content. Everyone making use of anydescription, results etc, will do this on his own responsibility. Excerpts froma report may be used if the source is indicatedSwedish Gas Centre (SGC) is a joint venture of energy gas businessorganisations. SGC’s primary mission is to co-ordinate the joint Research,Development and Demonstration (RD&D) efforts that are performed withinthe Swedish gas industry. The shareholders of SGC are: The Swedish GasAssociation, Sydgas AB, Sydkraft AB, Gothenburg Energy, Lund Energyand Helsingborg Energy.This project has been funded by:The European CommissionThe Swedish National Energy AdministrationGastec N.V., HollandDanish Gas Technology Center, DenmarkNSR, SwedenSydgasVattenfall Naturgas ABGöteborg Energi ABBirka Energi ABÖresundskraft ABRVF - The Swedish Association of Waste ManagementLunds Energi ABSYSAV ABSWEDISH GAS CENTREJohan RietzPresident
CONTENTS1 INTRODUCTION 32 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE GAS GRID 42.1 Biomass for energy 42.2 Utilisation of energy from biomass 72.3 Economical aspects 133 PRODUCING GAS FROM BIOMASS 153.1 Biogas from anaerobic digestion 153.2 Syngas from biomass pyrolysis and gasification 204 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS 264.1 Introduction 264.2 Cleaning 274.3 Upgrading 334.4 Addition of propane 464.5 Adaption to non natural gas grids 474.6 Odorisation 485 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM SYNGAS 495.1 Process layout 495.2 Cleaning 515.3 Conversion and upgrading 525.4 Process integration 546 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE GAS GRID 566.1 Gas quality aspects 566.2 Legislation 606.3 Control and measurement 716.4 Prospects 767 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE 797.1 Availability of biomass 797.2 Examples of pipeline quality gas from biomass by country 917.3 Policy 958 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1169 REFERENCES 117Appendix 1: Abbreviations, terminology and units 122Appendix 2: Thermal gas production processes 123Pagepage: 2
Page 1: Report SGC 118Adding gas from bioma
Page 5 and 6: 2 IMPORTANCE OF ADDING GAS FROM BIO
Page 7 and 8: Incentives by eco-labelingBy adding
Page 9 and 10: is mixed with coal in a combustor p
Page 11 and 12: Comparing efficiency data is a diff
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1: Energy flow diagram and i
Page 15 and 16: The product revenues are the most u
Page 17 and 18: 3.1.2 Survey of technologiesThis pa
Page 19 and 20: 3.1.3 Table of biogas compositionsD
Page 21 and 22: Aspect Unit ValueManure M 3 /day 6B
Page 23 and 24: Technologies for syngas upgradingTh
Page 25 and 26: CompositionProcesscalorific value M
Page 27 and 28: 4 PIPELINE QUALITY GAS FROM BIOGAS4
Page 29 and 30: Removal of hydrogen sulphide with m
Page 31 and 32: Parameter Unit Process Plant exampl
Page 33 and 34: Parameter Unit Process valueCapacit
Page 35 and 36: 600.9500.840Wobbe index [MJ/m 3 n]R
Page 37 and 38: Figure 4 illustrates reported inves
Page 39 and 40: 4.3.4 Upgrading by absorption of ca
Page 41 and 42: Removal of carbon dioxide by water
Page 43 and 44: Selexol from the flash tank is depr
Page 45 and 46: poisonous and aggressive liquid wit
Page 47 and 48: Parameter Unit ProcessCapacity rang
Page 49 and 50: gas system is maintained by a contr
Page 51 and 52: In the gasification process the fir
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A catalytic process requires a feed
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In all countries gas in a distribut
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6 SUPPLYING GAS FROM BIOMASS TO THE
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In Europe only two kinds of natural
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Component or quality Unit Limit or
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The directive thus also provides po
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Figure 13: Maximum range of permitt
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Figure 16: Wobbe index for differen
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6.2.5 Discrepancies between standar
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6.2.7 Description of national or de
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Figure 17:Arrangement of the contro
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Measurement methodDetection tubes f
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Descriptioncalculation of propertie
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The possibility of adding off-spec
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Europe among countries relying on e
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7.1.3 FinlandBiogas is mainly produ
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Figure 18: Distribution of capacity
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Calorific Availability Market price
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Many landfills are equipped with ga
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the type and volume of the respecti
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7.2.4 FranceThere are currently no
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7.2.7 SwedenBiogas as a fuel for ve
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Policy on renewable energyThe gener
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Danish energy policy is to contribu
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Carbon dioxide taxApplication€/to
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CHP FundThe CHP Fund is an incentiv
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Taxation and incentivesFeed-in tari
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Subsidies and fundingThere are seve
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Figure 20:Impact of the energy tax
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TargetsParallel with the target on
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Sweden has no actual program dedica
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Swedish energy taxesThe Swedish ene
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8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSCo
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14 Upgrading Landfill Gas to Natura
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46 ISO 15971: “Natural gas - Meas
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APPENDIX 1:DefinitionsBiogasBiomass
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fixed bed gasification: BIONEERProc
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Final cooling is accomplished by me
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used for direct drying applications
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fluidised bed gasification:EISENMAN
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fluidised bed gasification:SELTECpr
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The Battelle biomass gasification p
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Primary heat exchangerThe primary h
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active coal filter and cooled. The
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• Kärnten (Austria)pyrolysis:Pro
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Quality Value UnitComponents• Car
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