World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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CAYMAN ISLANDSHusbandry Until 1975, the farm was situated in an inlet but the tidalflushing was inadequate and it was moved to a series of land-based concreteand fibre glass tanks (E.G. Roet, in litt. to R. Parsons, 17 February1983). The broodstock animals are kept in two ponds 0.167 and 0.192 ha inarea with maximum depths of 1.98 m and 2.8 m; each has a breeding beach atone end (Wood and Wood, 1981). Animals reared together tend not to mateuntil new stock is introduced; so to stimulate mating, the males areseparated from the females in December-January and re- introduced inMarch-April (Wood and Wood, 1981). Animals being reared are held inconcrete tanks ranging from 2 m by 3 m up to 21 m in diameter (J.R. Wood,in litt , 16 June 1983). All animals are fed on a commercially preparedpelleted ration.Finances Neither CTF nor its predecessors has made a profit in any yearof operation (Anon., 1985f). The finances of the farm were severely hit in1979 when the USA, previously the main importer, banned imports from thefarm. This caused them to reduce planned production from 12 000 turtles ayear to 1500 and the labour force was reduced from 92 to 24 (J.R. Wood,in litt. to A. Mason, 15 March 1982). The farm has a growing tourist incomefrom visitors to the farm, and derives the remainder of its income fromsales of meat and other products within the Cayman Islands. It is estimatedthat there is a local market for an annual production from 3000 turtles, bubthat the farm would not be profitable at that level of production withoutmore lucrative export markets (Ford, 1985). The target production forprofitability would be 5000 turtles a year, which would produce an income ofUS$800 000 from the sale of products and US$500 000 from tourists, giving aprofit of US$200 000.Releases Between 1969 and 1977, turtles varying in age from 10 to 36months were released at sites from which the eggs had been obtained: 600were released at Costa Rica, 208 at Ascension, 880 at Suriname and 24 onGrand Cayman. Since 1980, all the hatchlings have derived from turtles ofmixed origin breeding on the farm, and turtles have only been releasedaround the Cayman Islands, a total of 9448 having been released up to theend of 1984 (Anon., 1985e)LEGISLATIONEndangered Species Protection & Propagation Law 1978. (Repeals the TurtleProtection Law of 1969)The import and export of live or dead species on the schedule isprohibited without a licence from the Governor (includes parts andderivatives)This does not include the bringing into the Islands of turtles takenwithin the fishery limits of the Islands, if taking such turtles iscustomary and traditional, and the turtles are intended only forconsumption by people within the Islands.Import and export of shell and scales, unworked or simply prepared (butnot if cut to shape), the waste of the shell and scales and the claws ofall Cheloniidae is restricted.Schedule - Part 1 E. imbricata imbricataL. kempiiSchedule - Part 2 C. carettaC mydasC. depressaE. imbricata bissaL. olivacea128
CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservation (Turtle Protection) Regulations 19 September 1978.The trade in products of all marine turtles and hybrids between marineturtle species is regulated.The possession of any turtle egg is prohibited, unless it is from aturtle bred in captivity, or the holder has a licence.It is prohibited to take, disturb or molest in any way, a female turtleduring the months May to September inclusive.129
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
Page 85 and 86: AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
Page 87 and 88: VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
Page 89 and 90: AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
Page 91 and 92: BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
Page 93 and 94: BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
Page 95 and 96: BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
Page 97 and 98: BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
Page 99 and 100: BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
Page 101 and 102: BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
Page 103 and 104: BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
Page 105 and 106: BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
Page 107 and 108: BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
Page 109 and 110: BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
Page 111 and 112: BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
Page 113 and 114: BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
Page 115 and 116: BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
Page 117 and 118: BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
Page 119 and 120: BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
Page 121 and 122: BURMAegg collection, now support mi
Page 123 and 124: BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
Page 125 and 126: BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
Page 127 and 128: CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
Page 129 and 130: CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
Page 131 and 132: CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
Page 133 and 134: CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
Page 135: CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
Page 139 and 140: CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
Page 141 and 142: CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
Page 143 and 144: COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
Page 145 and 146: COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
Page 147 and 148: COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
Page 149 and 150: COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
Page 151 and 152: CONGONo recent information is avail
Page 153 and 154: COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
Page 155 and 156: COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
Page 157 and 158: COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
Page 159 and 160: COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
Page 161 and 162: CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
Page 163 and 164: CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
Page 165 and 166: CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
Page 167 and 168: CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
Page 169 and 170: IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
Page 171 and 172: DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
Page 173 and 174: DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
Page 175 and 176: DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
Page 177 and 178: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
Page 179 and 180: ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
Page 181 and 182: ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
Page 183 and 184: EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
Page 185 and 186: EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
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FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
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FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
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FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
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FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
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GAMBIANo information is available o
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
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GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
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GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
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KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
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KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
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KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
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LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
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MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
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. mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
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MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
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MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
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MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
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MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
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MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
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MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
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MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
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MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
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MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
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MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
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MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
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MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
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MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
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MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
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MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
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HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
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MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
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MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
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MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
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MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
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MEXICOno production at all was reco
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MEXICONesting season Nesting season
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MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
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MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
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MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
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AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
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MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
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HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
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MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
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NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
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NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
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NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
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NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
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NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
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NIGERIANo information available. Bo
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NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
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OMANalthough the species compositio
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OMANHistorical trends There is no d
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PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
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PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
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PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
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PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
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PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
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PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
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PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
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PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
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PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
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PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
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PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
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PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
Page 435 and 436:
PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
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PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
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PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
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PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
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REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
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REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
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SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
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SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
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ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
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SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
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SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
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SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
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SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
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SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
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SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
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SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
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SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
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SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
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SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
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SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
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SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
Page 491 and 492:
SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
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SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
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SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
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SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
Page 517 and 518:
TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
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TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
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THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
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THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
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TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
Page 533 and 534:
TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
Page 537 and 538:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
Page 541 and 542:
TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
Page 543 and 544:
TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
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18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
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USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
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VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
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WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
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WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
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YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Page 575 and 576:
mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
Page 577:
ZAIRENo recent information is avail
Page 580 and 581:
Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
Page 582 and 583:
EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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