World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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PALAU REPUBLICsustenance of such resident and his immediate family'The sale of all turtle products is prohibited.RANCHINGAn experimental hatchery has been operating at the Micronesian MaricultureDemonstration Centre, Oreor (Koror) since 1982, with Financial backing fromthe Japanese Tortoiseshell Association. Eggs of E. imbricata are collectedand incubated in sand in styrofoam boxes at the Centre. After hatching, theturtles are reared in a 75-foot (23-m) concrete run to an age of about 6-8months before being tagged and released. A total of 7255 eggs were collectedbetween 1982 and 1986, and 51% hatched successfully. Survival to six monthshas been about 60%; 1423 juveniles have been released (Broughton, 1986).406
PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting sites Green Turtle nesting sites are apparently scattered alongthe coast. Carr et al (1982) note that the species occasionally nests atChanguinola, Isla Bastimentos and Chiriqui Beach in Bocas del Toro Province,with the best of these being Changuinola, and also on the mainland oppositethe San Bias Islands in eastern Panama. Ruiz de Guevara (1986) reportedthat young C. mydas appeared off San Bias at approximately the same time asyoung E. imbricata , indicating that some nesting may occur.Nesting numbers No figures are available, though the species isevidently not an abundant nester (Carr et al , 1982). No Chelonia mydasnests are recorded in the 1983 WATS country report (Diaz, 1984).Nesting season Quoted by Carr et al (1982) as "during the summermonths"Foraging areas Carr et al. (1981) note that there appear to be extensiveforaging grounds around Bocas del Toro, although they remained largelyunsurveyed. Reefs and seagrass beds were known to exist around IslaBastimentos, Isla de Col6n, and the Zapatilla Cays as well as on banksfurther off shore. The area was considered to be an important temporaryfeeding station for migrating Green Turtles (from the Tortuguero breedinggrounds - see COSTA RICA account), most of which were caught as they came into feed on seagrass on the leeward side of the outer cays of the lagoon abBocas; a small number of adult Green Turtles were resident, and werebelieved to feed on mangroves in the lagoons. Immature Green Turtles alsooccurred, but in smaller numbers. Green Turtles also occurred in somenumbers in feeding grounds around the San Bias Islands; most of these werejuveniles. Hatchling Green Turtles, presumed to come from Tortuguero, hadalso been found off the coast of Panama in offshore sargassum drift-lines(Carr et al. . 1982).Migration As noted above, the Bocas del Toro area is believed to serveas an important foraging area for migrating Green Turtles. Up to 1982,32 turtles tagged at Tortuguero in Costa Rica had been recovered there (seeCOSTA RICA account).POPULATION: Eretmochelys imbricataNesting sites In Bocas del Toro Province, the Hawksbill is known to neston Chiriqui Beach (which extends for ca 29 km between Rio Canaveral and RioChiriqui), on the three beaches on Isla Bastimentos, on several smallbeaches on Isla de Col6n, on both of the Zapatilla Cays and at Changuinola(Carr et al . 1982). Further east, Hawksbills are believed to nest on manyisolated nesting beaches on the San Bias Islands (Carr et al , 1982).Nesting numbers Chiriqui is believed to be the most important nestingbeach. A ground survey in 1980 (21-23 May) counted 17 Hawksbill nestingtracks and a second in 1981 (13-14 June) counted 13 (Carr et al , 1982).Because of the protracted nesting season and the short life-time of trackson the beach it is not possible to derive population estimates from thesebrief surveys. Nesting activity is characterised as "low" by Bullis (1984),summarising unquantif iable information presented at WATS in 1983.407
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
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COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
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COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
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COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
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CONGONo recent information is avail
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COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
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COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
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COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
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COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
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CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
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CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
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CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
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CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
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IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
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DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
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ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
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ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
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EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
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EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
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FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
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FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
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FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
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FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
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GAMBIANo information is available o
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
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GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
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GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
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KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
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KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
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KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
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LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
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MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
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. mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
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MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
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MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
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MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
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MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
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MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
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MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
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MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
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MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
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MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
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MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
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MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
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MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
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MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
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MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
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MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
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HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
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MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
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MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
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MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
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MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
Page 363 and 364: MEXICOno production at all was reco
Page 365 and 366: MEXICONesting season Nesting season
Page 367 and 368: MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
Page 369 and 370: MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
Page 371 and 372: MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
Page 373 and 374: AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
Page 375 and 376: MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
Page 377 and 378: HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
Page 379 and 380: MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
Page 381 and 382: NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
Page 383 and 384: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
Page 385 and 386: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
Page 387 and 388: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
Page 389 and 390: NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
Page 391 and 392: NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
Page 393 and 394: NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
Page 395 and 396: NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
Page 397 and 398: NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
Page 399 and 400: NIGERIANo information available. Bo
Page 401 and 402: NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
Page 403 and 404: OMANalthough the species compositio
Page 405 and 406: OMANHistorical trends There is no d
Page 407 and 408: PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
Page 409 and 410: PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
Page 411 and 412: PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
Page 413: PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
Page 417 and 418: PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
Page 419 and 420: PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
Page 421 and 422: PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
Page 423 and 424: PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
Page 425 and 426: PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
Page 427 and 428: PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
Page 429 and 430: PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
Page 431 and 432: PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
Page 433 and 434: PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
Page 435 and 436: PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
Page 437 and 438: PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
Page 439 and 440: PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
Page 441 and 442: PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
Page 443 and 444: REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
Page 445 and 446: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
Page 447 and 448: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
Page 449 and 450: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
Page 451 and 452: REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
Page 453 and 454: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
Page 455 and 456: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
Page 457 and 458: SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
Page 459 and 460: SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
Page 461 and 462: ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
Page 463 and 464: SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
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SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
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SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
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SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
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SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
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SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
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SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
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SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
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SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
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SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
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SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
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SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
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SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
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SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
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SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
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SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
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TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
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TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
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THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
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THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
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TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
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TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
Page 537 and 538:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
Page 541 and 542:
TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
Page 543 and 544:
TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
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18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
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USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
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VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
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WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
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WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
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YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Page 575 and 576:
mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
Page 577:
ZAIRENo recent information is avail
Page 580 and 581:
Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
Page 582 and 583:
EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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