World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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MARTINIQUE1982). The mean annual catch of turtles in 1985 and 1986 was said to be437-529 for E. imbricata and 595-685 for C. mydas . The main fishing areafor the former was the north-east and for the latter, the south-east. Onlyabout ten of the 1000 fishermen in Martinique specialise in catchingturtles, but it is estimated that some 7 km of turtle net are set (Dropsy,1987).Hunting methods Nesting turtles were said to be taken on the beachwhenever they were found (Carr et al , 1982) . A few families use large-meshnets (10-40 cm) for catching sharks, rays and turtles but accidental captureof turtles in lobster nets are said to be "not rare". Some turtles are alsocaught by divers, especially unemployed youths. This activity goes onthroughout the year, but net fishery is mainly carried out from July toJanuary. Eggs are also collected opportunistically, but not in an organisedfashion (Dropsy, 1987).Historical trends FAQ Fisheries statistics for the catch of "marineturtles not elsewhere specified" are given in Table 137. From 1971 to 1973,catches of less than 50 tonnes were recorded.Table 137.. Catches of "marine turtles, not elsewhere specified" (t) inMartinique, recorded in FAG Fisheries statistics.1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 198421 34 14 24 11 46 46 46 54 50 51Domestic trade Carr et al. (1982) considered the tourist trade in shell,stuffed turtles, and jewellery to be 'monumental*, and observed boxfuls ofstuffed juvenile Hawksbills for sale in souvenir markets in Fort de France.Fretey (1984c) reported that turtle products were sold to tourists in greatnumbers. He said that some Hawksbill shell was worked locally by prisonersin the Fort de France prison. Live turtles are said to sell for F50-5000,depending on size, steak for F50-60 a kg, polished carapaces for F200-1500and stuffed turtles for F400-2000. The laws forbidding the sale of turtleproducts for six months are openly flouted (Dropsy, 1987; Le Serrec, 1987).International trade As an Overseas Department of France, Martinique isincluded in the EEC regulations and also under the French ratification ofCITES (11 May 1978). France had placed reservations on C. mydas andE. imbricata but these were withdrawn on 1 January 1984. CITES AnnualReports for the period 1977-1985 recorded the import to the USA fromMartinique of only one shell of C. mydas .Fretey (1984c) reported figures obtained from the Prefecture showing theimport, in 1979, of 89 kg (value, 6000 francs) of raw shell and 1214 kg(value, 98 000 francs) of polished shell. Imports of bekko from the FrenchWest Indies reported in Japanese Customs statistics are discussed in thesection on Guadeloupe.There are unconfirmed reports that companies from F.R. Germany have recentlyobtained stocks of tortoiseshell from Martinique or Guadeloupe (B. Lutherin litt. , 3 April 1987). Carr et al (1982) reported that a shell dealerfrom Martinique was active in purchasing tortoiseshell for export from otherCaribbean islands, especially Dominica. In 1980, several of the stuffedturtles on sale in tourist shops were said to have been imported from "Saint336
MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Republic?), and frozen turtle meat was purchased fromforeign fishing boats, especially Venezuelans (Dropsy, 1987). Exportrecords from the Dominican Republic show the export to Martinique of 6332 kgof turtle between 1980 and 1983 (Ottenwalder , 1987b).LEGISLATIONArrete of 5 December 1927 provided for the protection of turtle eggs.Arrete Pr6fectoral Martinique N0.496/PMC, 19 March 1983.It is forbidden to take, sell, purchase or consume:Any turtle eggsAny D. coriacea .Any C. mydas or E. imbricata between 15 April and 15 October or of lessthan 60 cm in length outside this period.337
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
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COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
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COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
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COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
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CONGONo recent information is avail
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COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
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COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
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COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
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COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
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CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
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CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
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CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
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CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
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IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
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DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
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ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
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ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
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EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
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EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
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FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
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FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
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FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
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FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
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GAMBIANo information is available o
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
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GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
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GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
Page 295 and 296: KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
Page 297 and 298: KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
Page 299 and 300: KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
Page 301 and 302: KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
Page 303 and 304: KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
Page 305 and 306: KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
Page 307 and 308: LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
Page 309 and 310: MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
Page 311 and 312: . mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
Page 313 and 314: MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
Page 315 and 316: MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
Page 317 and 318: MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
Page 319 and 320: MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
Page 321 and 322: MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
Page 323 and 324: MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
Page 325 and 326: MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
Page 327 and 328: MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
Page 329 and 330: MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
Page 331 and 332: MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
Page 333 and 334: MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
Page 335 and 336: MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
Page 337 and 338: MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
Page 339 and 340: MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
Page 341 and 342: MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
Page 343: HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
Page 347 and 348: MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
Page 349 and 350: MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
Page 351 and 352: MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
Page 353 and 354: MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
Page 355 and 356: MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
Page 357 and 358: MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
Page 359 and 360: MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
Page 361 and 362: MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
Page 363 and 364: MEXICOno production at all was reco
Page 365 and 366: MEXICONesting season Nesting season
Page 367 and 368: MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
Page 369 and 370: MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
Page 371 and 372: MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
Page 373 and 374: AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
Page 375 and 376: MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
Page 377 and 378: HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
Page 379 and 380: MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
Page 381 and 382: NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
Page 383 and 384: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
Page 385 and 386: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
Page 387 and 388: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
Page 389 and 390: NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
Page 391 and 392: NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
Page 393 and 394: NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
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NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
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NIGERIANo information available. Bo
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NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
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OMANalthough the species compositio
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OMANHistorical trends There is no d
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PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
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PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
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PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
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PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
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PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
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PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
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PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
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PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
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PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
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PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
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PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
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PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
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PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
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PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
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PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
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PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
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REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
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REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
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SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
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SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
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ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
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SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
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SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
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SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
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SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
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SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
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SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
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SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
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SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
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SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
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SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
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SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
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SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
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SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
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SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
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SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
Page 511 and 512:
SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
Page 513 and 514:
SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
Page 517 and 518:
TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
Page 521 and 522:
TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
Page 525 and 526:
THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
Page 527 and 528:
THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
Page 529 and 530:
THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
Page 531 and 532:
TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
Page 533 and 534:
TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
Page 537 and 538:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
Page 539 and 540:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
Page 541 and 542:
TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
Page 543 and 544:
TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
Page 545 and 546:
18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
Page 547 and 548:
TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
Page 549 and 550:
USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
Page 551 and 552:
USAHunting intensity Since the liii
Page 553 and 554:
mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
Page 555 and 556:
us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
Page 557 and 558:
VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
Page 561 and 562:
VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
Page 565 and 566:
VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
Page 567 and 568:
WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
Page 569 and 570:
WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
Page 573 and 574:
YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Page 575 and 576:
mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
Page 577:
ZAIRENo recent information is avail
Page 580 and 581:
Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
Page 582 and 583:
EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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