World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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REUNION AND ILES BPARSESTable 170. Commercial production of the ranch from 1981 to 1986. The 1986figures are not finalised (Anon., 1984b and 1987a; Bonnet in litt . 22 April1987).1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986Slaughter
REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, and has amounted to a cumulative loss of 42% of the totalhatchling intake since the farm started. The mortality in subsequent yearshas been significantly lower (Bonnet, 1986; Anon., 1987a).When the turtles are selected for slaughter, they are kept in separate tanksfor 5-6 days without food to allow emptying of the alimentary tract. Theyare then taken to a nearby slaughterhouse, shot in the skull with a humanekiller, exsanguinated and butchered in accordance with French veterinaryhealth regulations.Turtles reared at the farm have suffered from severe dermal necroses,affecting the skin of the flippers and neck, in some cases resulting in theamputation of the end of the hind flippers. Experiments have shown thatthese necroses have been at least partially due to a nutritional imbalance,resulting from a deficiency in certain fatty acids. Supplementing the diethas produced improvements; the lesions on the hind flippers, formerly theworst affected area, have mostly disappeared, although they are stillpresent on the fore flippers and neck. Further nutritional investigationsare in progress (Bonnet, 1986).Finances The farm income from various sources is shown in Table 170.Current prices are FF55 a kg for meat, FF150 a kg for calipee, FF1500 forpolished carapaces, FFIOO a kg for oil, FF1500 a kg for medium qualityshell, and FF3500 a kg for top quality shell. An economic analysis providedin 1987 showed that, on turtles alone, the farm could break even with anannual production of 2500 turtles, giving 75 t live weight a year. Thiswould require the removal of 4300 hatchlings a year, and would give aturnover of FF3 . 5 million. At full capacity, the farm could produce 5000turtles a year, giving 150 t, and a profit of FF865 000 on a turnover ofFF7.26 million. Food accounted for about half of the running costs.Although there is said to be a large local market for meat, much higherprices can be obtained for exports to Metropolitan France (Anon., 1987a).Meat sold locally between 1981 and 1984 averaged FF38 a kg, while thatexported to France fetched FF61 a kg (Le Gall, 1985).Status A proposal to transfer the Europa and Tromelin populations ofC. mydas was prepared by France for the 4th Meeting of the Conference of theParties to CITES in April 1983. After lengthy discussion in the committeestage the proposal was withdrawn. A revised proposal was submitted to the5th Meeting held in June 1985, but was rejected, largely on the grounds thatthe procedures for marking the products of the operation were inadequate.Revised marking procedures were submitted to the CITES Technical CommitteeMeeting held in June 1986 and were accepted. A revised ranching proposalwas submitted to the 6th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES,but was rejected.EUROPAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting sites Nesting occurs along a portion of the lagoon complexsituated in the north-east, and extends along parts of the north, west, andsouth coasts (Le Gall et al , 1985). Hughes (1974, Table 11) estimated thelength of nesting beach at around 6.7 km. Survey work has been concentratedon the 500-m Station Beach (adjacent to the Meteorological Station).439
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
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COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
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COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
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COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
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CONGONo recent information is avail
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COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
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COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
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COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
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COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
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CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
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CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
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CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
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CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
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IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
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DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
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ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
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ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
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EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
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EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
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FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
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FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
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FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
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FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
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GAMBIANo information is available o
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
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GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
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GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
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KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
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KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
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KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
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LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
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MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
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. mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
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MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
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MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
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MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
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MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
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MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
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MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
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MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
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MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
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MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
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MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
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MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
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MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
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MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
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MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
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MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
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HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
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MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
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MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
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MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
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MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
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MEXICOno production at all was reco
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MEXICONesting season Nesting season
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MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
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MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
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MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
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AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
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MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
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HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
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MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
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NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
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NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
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NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
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NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
Page 395 and 396: NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
Page 397 and 398: NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
Page 399 and 400: NIGERIANo information available. Bo
Page 401 and 402: NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
Page 403 and 404: OMANalthough the species compositio
Page 405 and 406: OMANHistorical trends There is no d
Page 407 and 408: PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
Page 409 and 410: PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
Page 411 and 412: PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
Page 413 and 414: PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
Page 415 and 416: PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
Page 417 and 418: PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
Page 419 and 420: PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
Page 421 and 422: PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
Page 423 and 424: PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
Page 425 and 426: PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
Page 427 and 428: PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
Page 429 and 430: PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
Page 431 and 432: PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
Page 433 and 434: PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
Page 435 and 436: PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
Page 437 and 438: PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
Page 439 and 440: PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
Page 441 and 442: PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
Page 443 and 444: REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
Page 445: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
Page 449 and 450: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
Page 451 and 452: REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
Page 453 and 454: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
Page 455 and 456: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
Page 457 and 458: SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
Page 459 and 460: SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
Page 461 and 462: ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
Page 463 and 464: SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
Page 465 and 466: SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
Page 467 and 468: SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
Page 469 and 470: SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
Page 471 and 472: SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
Page 473 and 474: SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
Page 475 and 476: SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
Page 477 and 478: SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
Page 479 and 480: SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
Page 481 and 482: SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
Page 483 and 484: SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
Page 485 and 486: SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
Page 487 and 488: SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
Page 489 and 490: SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
Page 491 and 492: SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
Page 493 and 494: SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
Page 495 and 496: SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
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SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
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TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
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TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
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THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
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THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
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TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
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TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
Page 541 and 542:
TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
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TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
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18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
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USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
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VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
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WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
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WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
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YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
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mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
Page 577:
ZAIRENo recent information is avail
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Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
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EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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