World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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DOMINICAN REPUBLICPOPULATION : Eretmochelys imbricataNesting sites Nesting is widely dispersed alongpossibly concentrated in the south-west (see Table 52).the coast, thoughNesting numbers Estimates for 1981 are given in Table 52; estimatedtotal population was between 240 and 600 females laying per year(Ottenwalder, 1981). A further survey in 1986/87 produced an "order ofmagnitude" estimate of 310 females (Ottenwalder, 1987b).Trends in nesting numbers Ottenwalder (1981; 1987b) stated that thepopulation was decreasing. See C. mydas account above for discussion ofpossible original population levels.Nesting season Nesting has been recorded from May to December with mostfrom August to October; Ottenwalder (1981) considered it possible thatnesting occurred year round.Foraging sites There are evidently widespread Hawksbill foragingaround the coastline (see C . mydas above).sitesTHREATSThe principal threat appears to be exploitation of turtles and their eggs.The incidental take is thought to represent an insignificant fraction of thetotal take (Ottenwalder, 1987b). Wells (1988a) notes that human activitieshave had a noticeable impact on the coastline of the country, resulting fromdredging, pollution and coastal development. Ottenwalder (1987b) noted thatnesting habitat was being destroyed at an alarming rate by (in order ofimportance) toursim, sand extraction and agricultural development. Tourismis given high priority by the Government, which has allocated seven of thebest nesting areas as development zones.EXPLOITATIONCommodity Carr et al. (1982) note that eggs are taken and nestingturtles regularly killed. Hawksbills are reportedly actively hunted fortheir shells and are frequently taken by divers with spearguns. Turtle meatis evidently consumed and Carr et al. (1982) noted stuffed Green Turtles andLoggerheads ranging from juvenile to adult size being offered for sale.Hunting intensity Indications are that hunting is fairly intense.Ottenwalder (1987b) reported that turtles are generally caught whenever theyare seen, indicating an intense level of exploitation. Official fisherieslanding statistics are given in Table 53. These refer to sea turtle meatreported as "Carey" and "Tortuga" but ottenwalder cautioned that "carey" isoften used indiscriminately for sea turtles. He further asserted that theofficial figures do not include turtles killed on the nesting beaches and inremote areas. The laws regarding turtle capture are apparently widelydisregarded. Interviews with fishermen suggest that they may capture oneturtle every one to three weeks, but the total harvest for the year isestimated to be 1000-2000 turtles, of which 70% are thought to be C. mydasand E. imbricata .Hunting methods Turtles are taken with a variety of nets, withboathooks, harpoons, spearguns and by turning females on nesting beaches166
DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officially recorded landings of marine turtles in the DominicanRepublic, 1967-86 (Ottenwalder , 1987b). * The total of monthly harvests for1980 (also quoted by Ottenwalder, 1987b) gives 190172 kg. n.a. = notavailable.Year kg Year kg1967196819691970197119721973197A1975197611428
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
Page 123 and 124: BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
Page 125 and 126: BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
Page 127 and 128: CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
Page 129 and 130: CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
Page 131 and 132: CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
Page 133 and 134: CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
Page 135 and 136: CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
Page 137 and 138: CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
Page 139 and 140: CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
Page 141 and 142: CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
Page 143 and 144: COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
Page 145 and 146: COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
Page 147 and 148: COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
Page 149 and 150: COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
Page 151 and 152: CONGONo recent information is avail
Page 153 and 154: COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
Page 155 and 156: COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
Page 157 and 158: COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
Page 159 and 160: COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
Page 161 and 162: CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
Page 163 and 164: CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
Page 165 and 166: CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
Page 167 and 168: CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
Page 169 and 170: IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
Page 171 and 172: DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
Page 173: DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
Page 177 and 178: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
Page 179 and 180: ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
Page 181 and 182: ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
Page 183 and 184: EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
Page 185 and 186: EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
Page 187 and 188: EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
Page 189 and 190: ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
Page 191 and 192: FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
Page 193 and 194: FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
Page 195 and 196: FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
Page 198 and 199: ~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
Page 200 and 201: FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
Page 202 and 203: FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
Page 204 and 205: FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
Page 206 and 207: FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
Page 208 and 209: GAMBIANo information is available o
Page 210 and 211: GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
Page 212 and 213: GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
Page 214 and 215: GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
Page 216 and 217: GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
Page 218 and 219: GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
Page 220 and 221: GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
Page 222 and 223: GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
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KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
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KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
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KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
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LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
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MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
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. mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
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MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
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MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
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MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
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MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
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MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
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MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
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MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
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MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
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MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
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MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
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MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
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MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
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MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
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MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
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MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
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HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
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MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
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MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
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MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
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MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
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MEXICOno production at all was reco
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MEXICONesting season Nesting season
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MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
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MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
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MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
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AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
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MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
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HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
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MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
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NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
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NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
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NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
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NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
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NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
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NIGERIANo information available. Bo
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NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
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OMANalthough the species compositio
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OMANHistorical trends There is no d
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PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
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PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
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PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
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PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
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PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
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PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
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PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
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PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
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PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
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PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
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PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
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PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
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PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
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PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
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PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
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PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
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REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
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REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
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SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
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SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
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ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
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SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
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SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
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SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
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SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
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SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
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SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
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SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
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SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
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SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
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SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
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SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
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SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
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SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
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SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
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SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
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SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
Page 517 and 518:
TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
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TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
Page 527 and 528:
THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
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THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
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TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
Page 533 and 534:
TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
Page 537 and 538:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
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TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
Page 543 and 544:
TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
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18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
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USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
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VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
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WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
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WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
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YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
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mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
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ZAIRENo recent information is avail
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Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
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EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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