World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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MEXICOMEXICO:CARIBBEAN and GULF OF MEXICOPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting sites C. mydas nests in low numbers at scattered sites on themainland in all the coastal states, and on a number of offshore islands,principally off the Yucatan Peninsula. Available data, mostly from M&rquez(1984b and c) are summarised in Table 141.Nesting numbers The most recent available figures are summarised inTable 141. In 1983 Marquez estimated the 1981 nesting population at beachesinvestigated in the Gulf of Mexico (Tamaulipas to Yucatan/Quintana Roo inTable 141) as perhaps around 256 females (Mirquez, 1984c) and in theCaribbean (Quintana Roo in Table 141) as around 237 (Marquez, 1984b and c),although figures for the offshore cays of Yucatan do not appear to have beenincluded. In 1986 ( in litt ) he gave figures of 210-370 nests in threeareas in the Gulf of Mexico (Rancho Nuevo, Isla Aguada, Rio Lagartos).Parsons (1962) stated that the population nesting on the islands off thenorth-east of the Yucatan peninsula was second in importance only toTortuguero in Costa Rica in the whole of the western Caribbean; the mostimportant sites were Isla Contoy, Isla Blanca, Isla Cancun and theuninhabited eastern side of Isla Cozumel. Green turtles were also said tonest at that time in considerable numbers on Cayo Lobos (Banco Chinchorro)off southern Quintana Roo.Trends in nesting numbers Numbers have evidently decreased, althoughthere is very little historical information. It is thought that the Gulf ofMexico coastline was the nesting area of the Green Turtles that supplied theextensive 19th century Texas turtle fishery which had virtually disappearedby 1900 (Hildebrand, 1981; Carr et al . 1982). The area considered mostlikely to have been important is the extensive length of coastline betweenBoca Jesus Maria in Tamaulipas and Tuxpan in Veracruz; this length of coastnow holds few nesting Green Turtles (Hildebrand, 1981). Before World WarII, Green Turtles are stated to have bred regularly on Playa Washingtonc. 19 km south of the Rio Grande in Tamaulipas but no longer do so(Hildebrand, 1981). In Veracruz, as well as nesting in some abundance northof Tuxpan, especially around Cabo Rojo, Green Turtles are also said to havenested commonly on the coast between Montepio and Cerro San Martin, but arenow rare (Carr et al. . 1981).Nesting season Appears to be roughly June-October (Mirquez, 1976b,1984a, b and c)Foraging sites The most important foraging sites for Green Turtles in thearea appear to be off the west and north of the Yucatan Peninsula, north ofLaguna del Termino and extending over the Campeche Bank. The areas aroundthe offshore cays and reefs (Cayo Arcas-Triangulos, CayoArenas-Snake-Madagascar, Arrecife Alacran) and the Campeche Bank itself arecited as of particular importance (Carr et al . 1982; MArquez, 1984c). Thearea west of this appears to be of minor importance. Carr et al (1982)state that the offshore regions of Tamaulipas do not serve as regularfeeding habitat for any species of sea turtle, and that C. mydas is veryrare in coastal waters off Veracruz, although Caretta and Eretmochelys arereportedly more abundant there. Juvenile and mature C. mydas are reportedlytaken off the Tabasco coast, but only in very small numbers. Mirquez(1984c) cites the areas off Nautla-Cabo Rojo and around the Arrecife Cabezo(both off Veracruz) as turtle foraging sites and includes C. mydas in the348
MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and estimated number of C. mydas nests in the Gulfof Mexico and Caribbean Mexico. Key to references cited: (1) Marquez(1984c), (2) Marquez ( in litt. . 10 December 1986), (3) draft lUCN/UNEP CoralReef Directory, (4) Carr et_al. (1982), (5) Marquez (1984b), (6) Parsons(1962), (7) Marquez et al (1987).Region Beach Nests/month Nests/season Period of Ref.length (km) (Observed) (estd.) observationTAMAULIPAS
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
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COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
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COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
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COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
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CONGONo recent information is avail
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COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
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COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
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COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
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COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
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CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
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CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
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CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
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CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
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IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
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DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
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ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
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ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
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EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
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EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
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FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
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FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
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FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
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FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
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GAMBIANo information is available o
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
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GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
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GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
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KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
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KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
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KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
Page 305 and 306: KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
Page 307 and 308: LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
Page 309 and 310: MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
Page 311 and 312: . mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
Page 313 and 314: MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
Page 315 and 316: MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
Page 317 and 318: MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
Page 319 and 320: MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
Page 321 and 322: MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
Page 323 and 324: MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
Page 325 and 326: MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
Page 327 and 328: MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
Page 329 and 330: MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
Page 331 and 332: MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
Page 333 and 334: MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
Page 335 and 336: MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
Page 337 and 338: MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
Page 339 and 340: MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
Page 341 and 342: MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
Page 343 and 344: HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
Page 345 and 346: MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
Page 347 and 348: MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
Page 349 and 350: MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
Page 351 and 352: MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
Page 353 and 354: MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
Page 355: MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
Page 359 and 360: MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
Page 361 and 362: MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
Page 363 and 364: MEXICOno production at all was reco
Page 365 and 366: MEXICONesting season Nesting season
Page 367 and 368: MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
Page 369 and 370: MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
Page 371 and 372: MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
Page 373 and 374: AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
Page 375 and 376: MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
Page 377 and 378: HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
Page 379 and 380: MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
Page 381 and 382: NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
Page 383 and 384: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
Page 385 and 386: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
Page 387 and 388: NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
Page 389 and 390: NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
Page 391 and 392: NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
Page 393 and 394: NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
Page 395 and 396: NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
Page 397 and 398: NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
Page 399 and 400: NIGERIANo information available. Bo
Page 401 and 402: NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
Page 403 and 404: OMANalthough the species compositio
Page 405 and 406: OMANHistorical trends There is no d
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PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
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PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
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PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
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PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
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PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
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PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
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PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
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PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
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PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
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PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
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PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
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PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
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PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
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PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
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PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
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PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
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REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
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REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
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SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
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SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
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ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
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SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
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SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
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SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
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SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
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SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
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SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
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SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
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SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
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SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
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SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
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SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
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SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
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SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
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SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
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SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
Page 513 and 514:
SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
Page 517 and 518:
TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
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TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
Page 525 and 526:
THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
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THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
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THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
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TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
Page 533 and 534:
TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
Page 537 and 538:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
Page 539 and 540:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
Page 541 and 542:
TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
Page 543 and 544:
TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
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18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
Page 551 and 552:
USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
Page 565 and 566:
VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
Page 567 and 568:
WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
Page 569 and 570:
WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
Page 573 and 574:
YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Page 575 and 576:
mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
Page 577:
ZAIRENo recent information is avail
Page 580 and 581:
Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
Page 582 and 583:
EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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