World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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SRI LANKAbecame depleted, the artisans turned to the Maldives for a supply of rawmaterial (Frazier, 1980a). Deraniyagala (1939) quoted Customs figuresshowing imports and exports 1920-1926 (Table 187).In recent years, Sri Lanka does not seem to have indulged in muchinternational trade in tortoiseshell. The last year in which exports wererecorded in Sri Lankan Customs statitistics was 1976, when 2 leg werereported to have been exported to Australia. In the same year SingaporeCustoms statistics recorded an import of 16 kg from Sri Lanka. JapaneseCustoms statistics do not indicate that Sri Lanka has been a major supplierof shell. Japan's only imports of bekko (shell of E. imbricata ) from thissource were 46 kg in 1980 and 17 kg in 1983; a further 150 kg of "othertortoiseshell" was imported from Sri Lanka in 1979.CITES Annual Reports only contain a single reference to trade in sea turtleproducts with Sri Lanka when the USA reported importing five C . mydas in1981.LEGISLATIONFauna and Flora Protection Ordinance, 1 March 1938. Amended 20 July 1972.The importation, without a permit, of live reptiles belonging tonon-indigenous species is prohibited. The exportation, without a permit,on indigenous reptiles, dead or alive, or of their eggs, skins or anyother parts is also prohibited, the following species are totallyprotected. It is an offence to capture, kill, injure or possess theseanimals or their eggs:C. caretta gigasC. mydasE. imbricataL. olivacea olivaceaD. coriaceaEiANCHING/ HATCHERIESThere are no commercial turtle ranches in Sri Lanka, but severalconservation-orientated hatcheries have been established. The Wildlife andNature Protection Society has supported the establishment of hatcheries, andfirst suggested the idea in 1962; however it was not until 1970 that thefirst hatchery, at Palatupana, came into being (Wickremasinghe , 1981).Since then, a further two have begun operations under WNPS guidance and twomore run by the Wildlife Department.Palatupana Turtle Hatchery, situated In a remote region just outside YalaNational Park, was established in 1970 in the grounds of the WPNS bungalow.Eggs are bought by the bungalow keeper from the local coastal people and arereburied in the a walled-off area. Hatchlings are kept in brine-filledcontainers and are released at the earliest opportunity. The species ofturtles released has not been recorded, but the numbers are given inTable 188 (Wickremasinghe, 1981 and 1982).Bentota Beach Hatchery, located behind the Bentota Beach Hotel, startedoperations in 1972 and apparently functioned intermittently until 1981, whenit received an injection of interest and funds from WNPS and the HasselbladTrust (Wickremasinghe, 1981 and 1982). It buys eggs from residents, whocollect them from the beaches between Kosgoda and Bentota, since the turtles488
SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the beach behind the hotel (Dattatri and Samarajlva,1983). The numbers of eggs collected and hatchllngs produced is given InTable 189.Table 188. Numbers of eggs collected and hatchlings released atPalatupana Turtle Hatchery (Wickremasinghe , 1981 and 1982).1970-81 1981/82Eggs buried 20279 4372Hatchlings released 13443 2341Hatching percentage 66% 55XTable 189. Numbers of eggs collected and hatchlings released at BentotaBeach and Kosgoda Turtle Hatcheries (Wickremasinghe, 1981 and 1982).Ber
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
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COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
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COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
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COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
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CONGONo recent information is avail
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COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
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COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
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COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
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COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
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CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
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CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
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CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
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CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
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IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
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DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
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ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
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ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
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EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
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EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
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FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
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FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
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FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
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FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
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GAMBIANo information is available o
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
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GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
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GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
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GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
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GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
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HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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1973
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HAWAIITable
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HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
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HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
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HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
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HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
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INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
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INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
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INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
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INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
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INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continue
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1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
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INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
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mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
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INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
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INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
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INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
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INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
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1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
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INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
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INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
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0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
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INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
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IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
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ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
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JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
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JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
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I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
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I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
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KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
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KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
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KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
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LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
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MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
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. mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
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MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
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MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
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MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
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MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
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MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
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MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
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MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
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MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
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MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
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MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
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MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
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MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
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MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
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MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
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MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
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HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
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MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
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MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
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MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
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MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
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MEXICOno production at all was reco
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MEXICONesting season Nesting season
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MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
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MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
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MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
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AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
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MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
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HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
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MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
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NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
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NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
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NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
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NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
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NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
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NIGERIANo information available. Bo
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NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
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OMANalthough the species compositio
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OMANHistorical trends There is no d
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PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
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PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
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PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
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PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
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PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
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PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
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PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
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PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
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PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
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PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
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PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
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PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
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PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
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PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
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PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
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PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
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REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
Page 445 and 446: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
Page 447 and 448: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
Page 449 and 450: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
Page 451 and 452: REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
Page 453 and 454: REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
Page 455 and 456: SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
Page 457 and 458: SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
Page 459 and 460: SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
Page 461 and 462: ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
Page 463 and 464: SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
Page 465 and 466: SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
Page 467 and 468: SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
Page 469 and 470: SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
Page 471 and 472: SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
Page 473 and 474: SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
Page 475 and 476: SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
Page 477 and 478: SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
Page 479 and 480: SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
Page 481 and 482: SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
Page 483 and 484: SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
Page 485 and 486: SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
Page 487 and 488: SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
Page 489 and 490: SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
Page 491 and 492: SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
Page 493 and 494: SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
Page 495: SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
Page 499 and 500: STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
Page 501 and 502: ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
Page 503 and 504: STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
Page 505 and 506: ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
Page 507 and 508: SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
Page 509 and 510: SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
Page 511 and 512: SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
Page 513 and 514: SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
Page 515 and 516: SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
Page 517 and 518: TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
Page 519 and 520: TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
Page 521 and 522: TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
Page 523 and 524: THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
Page 525 and 526: THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
Page 527 and 528: THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
Page 529 and 530: THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
Page 531 and 532: TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
Page 533 and 534: TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536: TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
Page 537 and 538: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
Page 539 and 540: TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
Page 541 and 542: TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
Page 543 and 544: TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
Page 545 and 546: 18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
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USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
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VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
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WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
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WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
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YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
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mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
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ZAIRENo recent information is avail
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Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
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EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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