World Status, Exploitation and Trade - WIDECAST

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. SulawesiINDONESIATable 81continuedLocation Ref. Eggs/year Nests/year Nesting females/yearProvince 6Islands in S. MakassarStrait (Balobaloang Is,Masalima Is,Kalulcalukuang IsKep. Tengah, Kep.Sabalana (Flores Sea)Islands Salayar District(Flores Sea): Tanah Jampea,Kalao, Kalao Toa, Madu,Kayuadi , Panjang, Kep.Taka Bone Rate (= TigerIs) etc.Kep. Sembilan (Gulf ofBone) and otherislandsSE. Sulawesi Province100-30025-100100-300 25-100600-1 500 150-500>300>75-1001 500-5 000 AOO-1 650Maluku Province 6Aru Islands:P. Enu, P. Jeh andP. Karangother beachesTanimbar Islands:P. Nuhu KahaP. FrenunP. Yarngur Raaand Y. RualP. Riama, P. Adana,S. coast, P. Selaru,Nus Tabun, etc.E. coast of P. YamdenaW. coastIslands between Tanimbarand TimorKei Islands (P. Sua)K. Penyu andK. Lucipara 1
EggINDONESIASalient features of known important C. mydas nest beaches, starting with themost important - islands in Riau Province, the Berau group, and the AruIslands - are outlined below. Notes are included on habitat andexploitation, along with information on nesting numbers. Most informationis taken from Schulz (1984 and 1987), also Compost (1980).South Natuna IslandsRiau Province, including several island groups in the South China Searegion, has for some time been regarded as an important turtle area, andfishermen in north-west Kalimantan spoke of concentrations of turtles in theSouth Natuna and Tambelan Islands (Schulz, 1987). Both C. mydas andE. imbricata nest in the South Natuna group, including Serasan, Perhantuanand Sempadi. Schulz (1987) considered Sisi beach on Serasan Island to beone of the finest turtle nesting beaches he had yet seen in Indonesia, alongwith Pangumbahan and Sukamade. The main nesting season is said to beAugust-October for C. mydas and March-May for E. imbricata . collectionis intense, and while in the old days many nests would not be taken duringstormy weather during the north-west monsoon (December-March), better boatsand equipment now allow visits to be made throughout the year. However, a1974 Provincial Decree prohibits turtle fishing in waters of Riau Province,and it seems that regardless of this decree, adult turtles are not taken bylocal hunters, nor do Balinese fishing vessels venture into the area.Fishermen have on several occasions seen C. mydas with tags from the SarawakTurtle Islands (see Sambas-Paloh account below, and MALAYSIA: SARAWAKaccount). Egg collection data gathered by Schulz (1987) are presented inTable 82, with an estimate of annual female nesting numbers.Table 82. Approximate annual egg harvest in the Serasan sub-district ofthe South Natuna Islands, with estimate of annual nesting numbers (assumingan 8:1 ratio of Greens to Hawksbills, a clutch size of 120, and three nestsper female annually; data from Schulz, 1987). Post-1984 figures are omittedbecause incomplete.Year
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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
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COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
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COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
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COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
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CONGONo recent information is avail
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COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
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COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
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COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
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COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
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CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
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CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
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CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
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CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
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IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
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DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
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DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
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DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
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ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
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ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
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EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
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EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
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EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
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ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
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FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
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FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
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FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
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~H01 «1-1 3^ >Lie0)iH« 2O VI-U g
Page 200 and 201: FRENCH GUIANAPOPULATION:Chelonla my
Page 202 and 203: FRENCH GUIANAArrete Prefectoral No.
Page 204 and 205: FRENCH POLYNESIATable 66. Total tra
Page 206 and 207: FRENCH POLYNESIAshow exports of 425
Page 208 and 209: GAMBIANo information is available o
Page 210 and 211: GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
Page 212 and 213: GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
Page 214 and 215: GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESNesting
Page 216 and 217: GUAMPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
Page 218 and 219: GUATEMALAGUATEMALA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
Page 220 and 221: GUATEMALAEXPLOITATIONCommodity Corn
Page 222 and 223: GUINEA BISSAUNo information availab
Page 224 and 225: GUYANATHREATSReichart et al (198A)
Page 226 and 227: HAITIin view of the quantity of tor
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Page 230 and 231: HAWAIITable
Page 232 and 233: HONDURASHONDURAS:CARIBBEANPOPULATIO
Page 234 and 235: HONDURASDomestic trade Green Turtle
Page 236 and 237: HONDURASestablishes closed seasons,
Page 238 and 239: HONG KONGTable 75. Sources of impor
Page 240 and 241: INDIANesting numbers Nesting number
Page 242 and 243: INDIATable 77. Domestic exports of
Page 244 and 245: INDIAEXPLOITATIONConmodlty Both C.
Page 246 and 247: INDIAThe Andamans E. imbricata popu
Page 248 and 249: INDONESIAPangumbahan (SW Java),beac
Page 252 and 253: 1INDONESIAharvests are low in the b
Page 254 and 255: INDONESIAlaid at Pangumbahan. Schul
Page 256 and 257: mydasINDONESIALemukutanAlthough Sal
Page 258 and 259: INDONESIATable 88. Known E^ jmbrira
Page 260 and 261: INDONESIAparts of Riau and in Sulaw
Page 262 and 263: INDONESIAP. Pesambung, and perhaps
Page 264 and 265: INDONESIAThe harvest of adult E. im
Page 266 and 267: 1INDONESIAjewellery. Most of the to
Page 268 and 269: INDONESIAEven allowing for the fact
Page 270 and 271: INDONESIAJavaHawksbill rearing oper
Page 272 and 273: 0000n00CM0001c o c-P00O03LiOaSILio
Page 274 and 275: INDONESIATable 97. Percentage by we
Page 276 and 277: IRANfresh; it seems lilcely that a
Page 278 and 279: ISRAELPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
Page 280 and 281: iIVORY COASTNo information availabl
Page 282 and 283: JAMAICAHunting intensity Official S
Page 284 and 285: JAPANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
Page 286 and 287: JAPANHunting methods Host of the tu
Page 288 and 289: I nIIII c^I u^f^ I i ^I o»—II r^
Page 290: I I lO I I I I< I I I10I I I I II I
Page 295 and 296: KAMPUCHEAAccording to Bourret (1941
Page 297 and 298: KENYAPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia mydasNe
Page 299 and 300: KENYAto Japan in 1976, 1977 and 197
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KIRIBATILine and Gilbert groups; Ba
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KIRIBATIcatching 200-300 Green turt
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFTable 111. Destina
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LIBERIASome nesting by C. mydas has
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MADAGASCARevidence, Europa must mak
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. mydasMADAGASCARTable 112.Madagasc
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MADAGASCARTable llA. Imports of raw
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MALAYSIAMALAYSIA:SABAHPOPULATIOK :C
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MALAYSIA1983 bearing a Philippines
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MALAYSIAlogarithmically transformed
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MALAYSIACustoms (Prohibition of Imp
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MALAYSIATable 122. Reported egg pro
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MALAYSIAThe only period when signif
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MALAYSIAWEST MALAYSIAPOPULATION:Che
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MALAYSIAinterpreting yield data fro
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MALAYSIAand 1978 there was a substa
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MALAYSIATable 131. International tr
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MALAYSIAA fifth hatchery was starte
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MALDIVESNesting season Didi (1983)
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MALDIVESthe 15 000 tourists were es
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MARSHALL ISLANDS.REPUBLIC OFPOPULAT
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HAHTINIQUEPOPULATION :Chelonia myda
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MARTINIQUEDomingue" (Dominican Repu
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MAURITANIAHunting methods Turtles a
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 138
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESTable 139
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MAYOTTKPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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MAYOTTK1987) recorded A2 shells fro
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MEXICOTable 141. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOTable 1A2. Nest sites and est
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MEXICOCampeche As noted above, Camp
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MEXICOno production at all was reco
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MEXICONesting season Nesting season
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MEXICOUntil the 1950s tortoiseshell
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MEXICO( Chelonia mydas or perhaps E
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MEXICOfigures, and based on an offi
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AtMEXICOalthough Alvarado and Figue
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MEXICOorigin Cayman Islands to Hong
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HONTSERE(ATDomestic trade Jeffers a
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MOZAMBIQUESingar and Mefunvo, near
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NAMIBIAWhile C. mydas is known to e
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESNETHERLANDS ANT
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESSt Maarten: Spe
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NEW CALEDONIAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
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NEW CALEDONIAHunting methods Some t
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NICARAGUANICARAGUA:CARIBBEANPOPULAT
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NICASAGUAwages. Nietschmann (1981)
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NICARAGUAThe figures for 1980-82 ac
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NIGERIANo information available. Bo
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NORTHERN MARIANAS,COMMONWEALTH OFPO
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OMANalthough the species compositio
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OMANHistorical trends There is no d
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PAKISTANTable 153. Nesting emergenc
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PAKISTANbakeries who used them in b
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PALAU REPUBLICPOPULATION :Chelonia
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PALAU REPUBLICHunting methods Palau
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PANAMAPANAMA:CARIBBEANPOPULATION:Ch
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PANAMATable 155. Exports of tortols
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PANAMAEXPLOITATIONAccording to Corn
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAfrom West Sepik. Pr
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAinvolves many taboo
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PERUGreen Turtles have never been p
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PHILIPPINESPOPULATION:Chelonia myda
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PHILIPPINESambiguous. Reyes ( in li
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PHILIPPINESHunting intensity In spi
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PHILIPPINESStuffing industry in Zam
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PHILIPPINESTable 166. Imports of "T
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PHILIPPINESThe remaining 60% may be
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PUERTO RICOPOPULATION :Chelonla myd
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PUERTO RICOLEGISLATIONReglajnento D
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REUKION AND ILESBPARSESREUNIONReuni
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169. H
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESTable 169, a
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESLe Gall et a
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REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBScatch. This
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REUNION AND ILESEPARSESthe surface
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SAO TOME AND PRINCIPEVirtually no r
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SAUDI ARABIANesting numbers No deta
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SAUDI ARABIAMigration No specific i
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ISENEGALPOPULAT I ON :Chelonia myda
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SEYCHELLESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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SEYCHELLESwould thus have included
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SEYCHELLESaround Lhe Mozambiqup Cha
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SEYCHELLESTable 176. continuedFrazi
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SEYCHELLESmeat could have been eate
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. continuedYear
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SEYCHELLESThe Seychelles submitted
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SEYCHELLESotherwise take possession
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SINGAPOREPOPULATIONWhile both C. my
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SINGAPOREwithoul a licence.Import o
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SOLOMON ISLANDSManning Straits midw
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SOLOMON ISLANDSalso been a tendency
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SOMALIAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNe
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SOMALIAwork, five 20-m nets. Remora
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SOUTH AFRICABoth C. mydas and E. im
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SRILANKAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasN
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SRILANKAHistorical trends Turtle ex
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SRILANKAhave ceased to nest on the
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STKITTS-NBVISTHREATSAccording to To
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ST LUCIAPOPULATION : Chelonia mydas
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STLUCIAA trader from St Lucia, Char
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ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
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SUDANPOPULATION :Chelonia mydaaTher
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SURINAMEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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SURINAHEBigisanti Beach except for
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SURINAMGTable 194. Estimates of the
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SURINAMEA proposal was prepared tuc
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TAIWANTable 196. Destinations of ex
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TANZANIAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydaaNe
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TANZANIAyear. Japanese Customs repo
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THAILANDPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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THAILANDEXPLOITATIONCommodity The p
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THAILANDDomestic trade Turtle eggs
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THAILANDimposed for failure to comp
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TOKBLAUPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNes
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TONGAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNest
Page 535 and 536:
TONGAInternational trade Tonga is n
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOother observatio
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TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOand up to TT$8.0
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TURKEYMigration In the absence of t
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TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSPOPULATION:C
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18-5TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSturtles.
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TUVALUturtles seen at sea or on the
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USAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesting
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USAHunting intensity Since the liii
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mydasus PACIFIC ISLANDSJARVISISLAND
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us VIRGIN ISLANDSTrends in nesting
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VANUATUPOPULATION Little informatio
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VENEZUELAPOPULATION :Chelonia mydas
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VENEZUELAforaging in Venezuelan wat
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mydasVIET NAMPOPULATION: Chelonia m
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VIET NAMThe lurtlos grt-w to 12 ini
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WESTERN SAHARANo information availa
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WESTERN SAMOAEXPLOITATIONContimodit
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YEMEN, ARAB REPUBLICPOPULATIONFour
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YEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Page 575 and 576:
mydasYEMEN, PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REP
Page 577:
ZAIRENo recent information is avail
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Gonioz,ACKNOWLKDGKMEMTSS.W. Garland
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EarthlinesREFERENCESAnon. (I'JSJb).
Page 584 and 585:
ofREFERENCESBalnzB, G.H. (1985b). H
Page 586 and 587:
REFERENCESBrown, R.A., Harvey, G.C.
Page 588 and 589:
iREFERENCESCliffLon, K., Cornejo, D
Page 590 and 591:
REFERENCESFAO (1973). Report to the
Page 592 and 593:
REFERENCESGarnett, M.C. (1979?) The
Page 594 and 595:
REFERENCESHillstead, H.O., Richards
Page 596 and 597:
REFERENCESJenkins, R.W.G. (19/8). T
Page 598 and 599:
REFERENCESLeh, Charles M.U., Poon ,
Page 600 and 601:
REFERENCESMayL, K.ti. (1986). I'rol
Page 602 and 603:
REFERENCESMfosov::Ky, N. (1983). Co
Page 604 and 605:
REFERENCESPritchard, F.C.H. (1982a)
Page 606 and 607:
REFERENCESSchulz, J. P. (1984). Tuf
Page 608 and 609:
CentreREFERENCESUchida, I. (1980).
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