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A publication of the Secretariat of
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CONTEMTSSARAWAK 314WEST MALAYSIA 31
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INTRODUCTIONSUMMARY1. Recent invest
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INTRODUCTIONoutboard motors, nylon
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.INTRODUCTIONSCOPE AND METHODSThe p
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..INTRODUCTIONshown to deserve form
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INTRODUCTIONMARINE TURTLE BIOLOGY A
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...INTRODUCTIONExcept for the nesti
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INTRODUCTION5 000 C. mydas nested i
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INTRODUCTIONMigration and philopatr
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INTRODUCTIONBut harvesting is rarel
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..INTRODUCTIONIf the details of hom
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INTRODUCTIONrelatively large averag
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INTRODUCTIONMethods ofturtle exploi
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INTRODUCTIONextremely heavy harvest
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INTRODUCTIONmight otherwise have su
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INTRODUCTION"preservationists in th
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INTRODUCTIONAlthough in global term
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INTRODUCTIONVery large quantities o
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I u-> I I I I II l/^ I i CM i I >0
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INTRODUCTIONsuggested (e.g. Dodd ,
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INTRODOCTIOMone of the recorded cau
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INTRODUCTIONNote^: the "indication
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INTRODUCTIOMNevertheless, there is
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INTRODUCTIONbecause of over-exploit
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INTRODUCTIONConservation status and
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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INTRODUCTIONTable 11, continued.Che
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AMERICAN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia m
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ANGOLAPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNest
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ANGUILLAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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ANGUILLALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
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ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA(1978, cited in
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ARUBAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
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ASCENSION AND ST HELENAForaging sit
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AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA:QUEENSLANDPOPULA
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AUSTEtALIAEXPLOITATIONThe main spec
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AUSTEUI.IADomestic trade Commercial
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VsAUSTRALIAArchipelago, all off the
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AUSTRALIALEGISLATIONWildlife Conser
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BAHAMASPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BAHAMASTable 18. Green Turtle and H
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BAHRAINGreen Turtles are reported t
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BANGLADESHCITES Annual Reports cont
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BARBADOSRANCHING/ HATCHERIESAn expe
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BELIZEForaging sites Whilst nesting
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BELIZEWildlife Protection Act 1981
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BERMUDAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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BRAZILPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
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BRAZILPara are said to catch 0.2-0.
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BRAZILPortaria No. N-005, 31 Januar
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BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORIESFor
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Ch
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BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSEXPLOITATIONC
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BRUNEIPOPULATIONAccording to Harris
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BURMAegg collection, now support mi
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BURMATable 30. Marine turtle eggs c
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BURMADomestic trade Most of the egg
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CANARY ISLANDS(SPAIN)There is only
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CAYMAN ISLANDSPOPULATIONThe breedin
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 33. Direct expo
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CAYMAN ISLANDSTable 36. Imports of
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CAYMAN ISLANDS(E.G. Roet in litt. t
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CAYMAN ISLANDSThe Marine Conservati
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIO
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CHINA,PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFHistorica
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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA:CASIBBBANPOPULATIO
- Page 145 and 146: COLOMBIAEXPLOITATIONComnodity Green
- Page 147 and 148: COLOMBIAconcerning permits for hunt
- Page 149 and 150: COMORO ISLANDSJune. The peak appear
- Page 151 and 152: CONGONo recent information is avail
- Page 153 and 154: COOK ISLANDSPalmerston. About 50 tu
- Page 155 and 156: COSTA RICATrends in nesting numbers
- Page 157 and 158: COSTA RICATHREATSExploitation of tu
- Page 159 and 160: COSTA RICACOSTA RICA:PACIFICPOPULAT
- Page 161 and 162: CUBAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . Kr
- Page 163 and 164: CUBAof 250 kg, 215 kg and 75 kg of
- Page 165 and 166: CYPRUSPOPULATION :Chelonia mydasNes
- Page 167 and 168: CYPRUSLEGISLATIONFisheries Regulati
- Page 169 and 170: IXMnNICAPOPULATION:Chalonla mydasNe
- Page 171 and 172: DOMINICALEGISLATIONTurtle Ordinance
- Page 173 and 174: DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable 52. Estimat
- Page 175 and 176: DOMINICAN REPUBLICTable S3. Officia
- Page 177 and 178: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC"commercial". Thi
- Page 179 and 180: ECUADORTHREATSNo information locate
- Page 181 and 182: ECUADORHurtado notes some movement
- Page 183 and 184: EGYPTEGYPT:MEDITERRANEANPOPULATIONA
- Page 185 and 186: EGYPTcurios, but not, apparently, i
- Page 187 and 188: EQUATORIAL GUINEAEQUATORIAL GUINEA:
- Page 189 and 190: ETHIOPIAPOPULATION: Chelonia mydaa
- Page 191 and 192: FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIAwere
- Page 193 and 194: FIJIPOPULATIOK :Chelonia mydasNesti
- Page 195: FIJIThere is little qualitative inf
- Page 199 and 200: FIJITable 64. Imports of raw belcko
- Page 201 and 202: FRENCH GUIANAturtles arriving later
- Page 203 and 204: FRENCH POLYNESIAPOPULATION:Chelonia
- Page 205 and 206: FRENCH POLYNESIAPOPULATION : Eretmo
- Page 207 and 208: GABONNo recent information is avail
- Page 209 and 210: GHANALittle recent information is a
- Page 211 and 212: GRENADA AND THE GRENADIAN GRENADINE
- Page 213 and 214: GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESPOPULATI
- Page 215 and 216: GUADELOUPE AND DEPENDENCIESTable 70
- Page 217 and 218: GUAMHunting methods Prltchard (1982
- Page 219 and 220: GUATEMALAHunting intensity Rosales-
- Page 221 and 222: GUINEAAlthough it is suspected that
- Page 223 and 224: GUYANAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
- Page 225 and 226: HAITIPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNesti
- Page 227 and 228: HAITILEGISLATIONFisheries law, 27 O
- Page 229 and 230: HAWAIIaround 1100 km, thus mating o
- Page 231 and 232: HAWAIIRANCHINGConunercial raising o
- Page 233 and 234: HONDURASBarbareta and Guanaja), alt
- Page 235 and 236: HONDURASHONDURAS: ISLAS DEL CISNB (
- Page 237 and 238: HONG KONGPOPULATIONThe only sea tur
- Page 239 and 240: INDIAINDIA:MAINLANDPOPULATION :Chel
- Page 241 and 242: INDIAin the Gulf of Mannar (Frazier
- Page 243 and 244: INDIAINDIA:LAKSHADWEEPPOPULATION:Ch
- Page 245 and 246: INDIATable 79. Number of C. mydas n
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INDONESIAPOPULATION:Chalonia mydaaN
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INDONESIATable 81continuedLocation
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EggINDONESIASalient features of kno
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lA-15 Oct.
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INDONESIATable 86. Nest numbers and
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INDONESIAnesting populations is ine
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INDONESIATable 88, continuedLocatio
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INDONESIAEgg collection is intense,
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INDONESIAUjung Pandang; and barrier
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INDONESIAcontractor is reported to
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INDONESIASome confirmation ot the e
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INDONESIABaliA pilot project to rea
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INOONKSIATable 93. Destinations of
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nooenON00C 3OuLiOa.£aCMoaLioa
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IRANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNestin
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IRANon Lavak. Island set up to extr
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ISRAELHunting intensity There is li
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JAMAICAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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JAMAICAunderstand how the German Ma
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JAPANShoto, from the Tokara group (
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"t-cE3iHOU(J0)
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JO:?' J-X — o -«-O .%.V ^ »-•
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ICOinoCMo00o> 1
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KAMPUCHEAof 8260 kg to Hong Kong in
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KENYAEXPLOITATIONConmodity Marine t
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KIRIBATIPOPULATION:Chelonla mydasNe
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KIRIBATIHunting intensity Tarawa, B
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KOREA,REPUBLIC OFPOPULATIONWhile se
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KUWAITVery small numbers of Green T
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MADAGASCARPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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RabesandratanaMADAGASCARdeclined th
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HADAGASCA8local, and it never reach
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MADEIRA AND AZORESC. mydas occurs v
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MALAYSIA1982a), these were presumab
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HALATSIAForaging sites No detailed
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MALAYSIATable 119. International tr
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MALAYSIANesting numbers Some relati
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MALAYSIAHunting intensity Almost al
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MALAYSIATable 123. International tr
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HALAYSIATable 124. Estimated annual
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mydasThereMALAYSIATable 128 shows m
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Revenue
- Page 334 and 335:
MALAYSIATable 133. All trade in C.
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MALDIVESPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
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MALDIVESof the Maldive turtle popul
- Page 340 and 341:
MALDIVESMost of the other exports o
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MARSHALL ISLANDS,REPUBLIC OFHunting
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MARTINIQUE1982). The mean annual ca
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MAURITANIAPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESMAURITIUS
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MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESand eggs
- Page 352 and 353:
MAURITIUS AND DEPENDENCIESuncertain
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MAYOTTEMigration No direct informat
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MEXICOMEXICO:CARIBBEAN and GULF OF
- Page 358 and 359:
MEXICOspecies listed, but gives no
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MEXICOaround islands between Isla L
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MEXICOIn 1896 the turtle processing
- Page 364 and 365:
MEXICOThe presence of nesting on Ba
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MEXICOPOPUI
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MEXICOCaldwell (1963) gives a detai
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MEXICOTable 144. Mexican production
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MEXICOpeninsula. It seems almost ce
- Page 374 and 375:
TheMEXICOalmost certainly mostly Le
- Page 376 and 377:
MONTSERRATPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
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MOZAMBIQUEPOPULATION:Chelonia mydas
- Page 380 and 381:
MOZAMBIQUEmarket for about $8 a kg
- Page 382 and 383:
KAURUNo information on sea turtles
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NETHERLANDS ANTILLESHunting methods
- Page 386 and 387:
NETHERLANDS ANTILLESBay, Kay Bay an
- Page 388 and 389:
NETHBSUUilDS ANTILLESJapanese Custo
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NEW CALEDONIANesting season Nesting
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NEW ZEALANDPOPULATIONNo nesting is
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NICARAGUANesting numbers Hontiel (1
- Page 396 and 397:
NICARAGUAexport of sea turtles and
- Page 398 and 399:
NICASAGUAban on the export of turtl
- Page 400 and 401:
NIUENiue appears to have few, if an
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TheOMANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
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OMANEXPLOITATIONCommodity The meat
- Page 406 and 407:
PAKISTANPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNe
- Page 408 and 409:
PAKISTANAuthority has taken large v
- Page 410 and 411:
PAKISTANLEGISLATIONAzad Jairanu and
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PALAU REPUBLICmade by ranch personn
- Page 414 and 415:
PALAU REPUBLICsustenance of such re
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PANAMAE. imbricata is said to be th
- Page 418 and 419:
PANAMAfamilies have a substantial e
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAPOPULATION:Chelonla
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PAPUA NEW GUINEAHunting intensity O
- Page 424 and 425:
PAPUA NEW GUINEAThe Customs reports
- Page 426 and 427:
PERUports where the turtle protecti
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PHILIPPINESWar II, when the islands
- Page 430 and 431:
PHILIPPINESPOPULATION : Bretmochely
- Page 432 and 433:
PHILIPPINESTanganak. and Balclcunga
- Page 434 and 435:
PHILIPPINESTable 163. Destinations
- Page 436 and 437:
PHILIPPINESare kept for about eight
- Page 438 and 439:
PITCAIRNPOPULATIONThere are no reco
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PUERTO RICONesting season Kontos (1
- Page 442 and 443:
QATARPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas . K
- Page 444 and 445:
REUNION AND ILES EPARSESOne importa
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REUNION AND ILES BPARSESTable 170.
- Page 448 and 449:
REUNION AND ILESEPARSESNesting numb
- Page 450 and 451:
REUNION AND ILBS EPAKSESHunting int
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REUNION AND ILBS EPARSESTable 172.
- Page 454 and 455:
REUNION AND ILBS EPARSBSNesting sea
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1SAUDI ARABIASAUDI ARABIA:GULFPOPUL
- Page 458 and 459:
SAUDI ARABIAE. imbricata and C . my
- Page 460 and 461:
SAUDI ARABIAare also collected (lUC
- Page 462 and 463:
SENEGALEXPLOITATIONComnodlty C. myd
- Page 464 and 465:
SEYCHELLESNesting numbers Two marin
- Page 466 and 467:
SSYCHELLESTable 175. Estimates of n
- Page 468 and 469:
SEYCHELLESTable 176. Estimates of E
- Page 470 and 471:
SEYCHELLESHunting intensity The num
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SEYCHELLESTable 177. Export of turt
- Page 474 and 475:
SEYCHELLEST&ble 178. Imports (in kg
- Page 476 and 477:
SEYCHELLESThe President Is empowere
- Page 478 and 479:
SIERRA LEONEBoth C mydas and E. imb
- Page 480 and 481:
SINGAPORETable 181. Destinations of
- Page 482 and 483:
SOLOHON ISLANDSPOPULATION:Chelonia
- Page 484 and 485:
SOLOHOK ISLANDSMigration Two E. imb
- Page 486 and 487:
SOLOMON ISLANDSThere is a small tor
- Page 488 and 489:
SOMALIAsouth at least, declines at
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SOMALIAInternational trade In addit
- Page 492 and 493:
SOUTH AFRICATable 186continued
- Page 494 and 495:
SRI LANKAcoasts, while the north-ea
- Page 496 and 497:
SRI LANKAbecame depleted, the artis
- Page 498 and 499:
ST KITTS-MBVISPOPULATION:Chelonia m
- Page 500 and 501:
ST KITTS-NEVIS"lighters" to the pub
- Page 502 and 503:
ST LUCIAForaging sites Bacon (1981)
- Page 504 and 505:
ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
- Page 506 and 507:
ST VINCENT AND THE ST VINCENT GRENA
- Page 508 and 509:
SUDANEXPLOITATIONCommodity Turtle m
- Page 510 and 511:
SURINAMETable 192. C. mydas nesting
- Page 512 and 513:
SURINAMEHunting intensity The level
- Page 514 and 515:
SURINAMELEGISLATIONThe Game Law 195
- Page 516 and 517:
TAIWANPOPULATION: Chelonia mydas .
- Page 518 and 519:
TAIWANimported. In recent years, mo
- Page 520 and 521:
TANZANIAMazlwi Island, apparently t
- Page 522 and 523:
TANZANIALEGISLATIONFisheries (Gener
- Page 524 and 525:
THAILANDthe third (Table 200). L. o
- Page 526 and 527:
THAILANDHistorical trends Historica
- Page 528 and 529:
THAILANDTable 203. Raw tortoiseshel
- Page 530 and 531:
TOGONo recent information available
- Page 532 and 533:
TOKELAUEXPLOITATIONCoiimodlty Both
- Page 534 and 535:
TONGAnested prior to 1974 on Kelefe
- Page 536 and 537:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOPOPULATION:Chelo
- Page 538 and 539:
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGOactivity had dec
- Page 540 and 541:
ITURKEYPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNes
- Page 542 and 543:
TURKEYproducts is in CITES Annual R
- Page 544 and 545:
TURKS AND CAICOSISLANDSTable 208. N
- Page 546 and 547:
TUVALUPOPULATION:Chelonia mydasNest
- Page 548 and 549:
UNITED ARAB EMIRATESPOPULATIONVery
- Page 550 and 551:
USATable 211. Number of C. mydas ne
- Page 552 and 553:
IUSAPermits to take endangered wild
- Page 554 and 555:
us VIRGIN ISLANDSPOPULATION:Cheloni
- Page 556 and 557:
us VIRGIN ISLANDSLEGISLATIONProtect
- Page 558 and 559:
VANUATULEGISLATIONArrete Conjoint N
- Page 560 and 561:
VENEZUELAMigration As of 1982 (Carr
- Page 562 and 563:
VENEZUELAInternational trade Venezu
- Page 564 and 565:
VIET NAME. imbricata leather items
- Page 566 and 567:
WALLIS AND FUTUNANo information on
- Page 568 and 569:
WESTERN SAMOAPOPULATION:Chelonia my
- Page 570 and 571:
WESTERN SAMOARANCHINGA hatchery for
- Page 572 and 573:
YEMEN,PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICP
- Page 574 and 575:
YEMEN,PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICT
- Page 576 and 577:
YEMEN,PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICP
- Page 579 and 580:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe are indebted to
- Page 581 and 582:
BiologicalREFERENCESAlcala, A.C. (1
- Page 583 and 584:
ReportREFERENCESArmitage, P. and Mc
- Page 585 and 586:
REFERENCESBjorndal, K., Carr, A., M
- Page 587 and 588:
ReportScienceREFERENCESCarr, A. (19
- Page 589 and 590:
REFERENCESDe Sola, C.R. (1932). Obs
- Page 591 and 592:
REFERENCESFrazier, J. (1981). Recap
- Page 593 and 594:
REFERENCESGreen, D. and Ortiz Cresp
- Page 595 and 596:
REFERENCESHughes, G.R. (1981). More
- Page 597 and 598:
REFERENCESKontos, A.R. (1988). 1987
- Page 599 and 600:
REFERENCESLimpus, C.J. and Reed, P.
- Page 601 and 602:
REFERENCESMilliken, T. and Tokunaga
- Page 603 and 604:
Anieri-.-inREFERENCESOttenwalder, J
- Page 605 and 606:
REFERENCESRichardson, L. and Gumbs,
- Page 607 and 608:
REFERENCESSmith, M.H., Hillestad, H
- Page 609:
REFERENCESWells, S.M. (Ed.) (1988b)