«Symposion» and «Philanthropia» in Plutarch - Bad Request ...

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Lukas de BloisGalba is reproached with giving them too much latitude, whereas he refusedto give the soldiers their due. He never gave them a proper donative, not evenat the occasion of the adoption of an heir, Piso, and he tried in an exaggeratedway to be an example of old-fashioned severitas towards the soldiers, even ifthey had more or less justified claims to make. Galba decimated, for example,fleet soldiers, and a band of German bodyguards, for no good reasons. Plutarchtells us that the soldiers began to cherish a dire and savage hatred towardsGalba, because he was defrauding them and so doing laid down instructionsfor succeeding emperors. By treating too positively some of Vindex’ supporters,and by not explicitly siding with the soldiers of Verginius Rufus, who had putdown Vindex’ rebellion in Gaul in AD 67, Galba also lost the support of thearmies of the Germaniae, which ended up supporting the ensuing usurpationof Vitellius 11 .Otho was really no better leader than Galba had been. In Otho 3.2-6Plutarch tells us that Otho was placing his government on a sound basis andtook a number of wise decisions, but all available sources show that Otho wasnot the master of the soldiers and their officers, but their plaything. In Otho5.3 Plutarch speaks of the disorderly and arrogant spirit of the soldiers, theirataxia and thrasutès. Otho did not behave as a good, strong leader would havedone, and did not overcome the disciplinary problem. His best act seems tohave been his impressive suicide 12 . In this context an elaborate story about thedisruption of Otho’s banquet by the soldiery fits in well, showing how lowmilitary discipline had become and to what depth Otho’s authority over thesoldiers and their officers had sunk.In conclusion. In Plutarch’s Galba and Otho, which in my opinion shouldbe read as one story, this dinner story negatively inverts an important means ofimperial self-representation and so indicates how weak, in Plutarch’s opinion,Otho’s position really was. It is as well one of many examples of a seriousdeterioration of military discipline as a function of bad leadership at the topand at the second level of authority. By choosing an imperial banquet, whichshould be a place of friendship with high status amici Caesaris, a show-caseof imperial power and paideia, and a mirror of hierarchies within the urbanRoman elite, as the scene where the extreme escalation of military misbehaviourand the total loss of imperial authority over the military mob came to light,Plutarch highlights the social importance of such banquets.11On Galba’s reign see Tacitus, Histories 1.4-41; Suetonius, Galba 11-20; Plutarch, Galba10-28; Cassius Dio 64.1-6. On the decimation of the fleet soldiers see Suetonius, Galba 12.2 andPlutarch, Galba 15.3-4. Cf. Tacitus, Histories 1.6. In the same paragraph, Galba 12.2, Suetoniusnarrates that Galba also disbanded a cohort of Germans, whom the previous Caesars had madetheir body-guard and had found absolutely faithful in many emergencies. On Galba, Otho, theirassistants, and the soldiers see L. De Blois, 2008.12On Otho’s reign see Tacitus, Histories 1.44-47; 71-90; 2.11-56; Suetonius, Otho 7-12;Plutarch, Otho 1-18; Cassius Dio 64.7-15. On Otho’s suicide see Tacitus, Histories 2.48-49;Suetonius, Otho 10-11; Plutarch, Otho 16-18 and Cassius Dio 64.13-15.228
The disruption of an imperial banquet by angry soldiers in Plutarch’s OthoWo r k s c i t e dAsh, R., “Severed Heads: Individual Portraits and Irrational Forces in Plutarch’sGalba and Otho,” in J. M. Mossman (ed.), Plutarch and his IntellectualWorld, London, 1997, pp. 189-214.De Blois, L., “Soldiers and Leaders in Plutarch’s Galba and Otho”, in V.Hirschmann et al. (eds.), A Roman Miscellany. Essays in Honour ofAnthony R. Birley on his Seventieth Birthday, Gdansk, 2008, 5-13 orhttp://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/geschichte/xaltegeschichte/birley/fsbirley.html.Christol, M., L’empire romain du IIIe siècle. Histoire politique (de 192, mort deCommode, à 325, concile de Nicée), Paris, 1997.D’Arms, J., “Performing Culture: Roman Spectacle and the Banquets of thePowerful”, in B. Bergmann & C. Kondoleon (eds.), The Art of AncientSpectacle, Washington, 1999, pp. 301-19.Donahue, J. F., The Roman Community at Table, Ann Arbor, MI, 2004.Dunbabin, K. M. D., The Roman Banquet. Images of Conviviality, Cambridge,2003.Gnecchi, F., I medaglioni Romani, Milan, 1912.Pelling, C. B. R. , Plutarch and History, London, 2002.Schettino, M.-T., “I soggetti politici e I conflitti civili del 68/69 d.C. inPlutarco”, in L. de Blois et al. (eds.), The Statesman in Plutarch’s Works.Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of the InternationalPlutarch Society, vol. II, (Nijmegen/ Castle Hernen, May 1-5, 2002),Leiden/ Boston, 2005, pp. 351-61.Scuderi, R., “Le Vite Plutarchee di Galba e di Otone: Teoria e prassi politicanella successione imperiale”, in I. Gallo & B. Scardigli (eds.), Teoriae prassi politica nelle opere di Plutarco. Atti del V convegno Plutarcheo(Certosa di Pontignano, 7-9 Giugno, 1993), Naples, 1995, pp. 399-413.Stein-Hölkeskamp, E., Das römische Gastmahl, Munich, 2005.Vössing, K., Mensa regia. Das Bankett beim hellenistischen König und beimrömischen Kaiser, Munich/Leipzig, 2004.Wiedemann, T. E. J., “From Nero to Vespasian”, in A. K. Bowman et al., TheCambridge Ancient History X 2 , Cambridge, 1996, pp. 256-82.229
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Se c t i o n 2: Th e Sy m p o s i o
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Se c t i o n 6: Co n v i v i u m Se
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Christopher Pellingways to carry, a
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Opening Session1
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Sven-Tage TeodorssonNon-Socratic sy
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Sven-Tage TeodorssonPlutarch freque
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Sven-Tage Teodorssonoverwhelming au
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Trabajos y Días como hipotexto de
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Josefa Fernández Zambudiodonde enc
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Josefa Fernández Zambudioperjudici
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Timothy E. Dufflink to the theme of
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Timothy E. DuffPlutarch is here, th
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Timothy E. Duffmentions, the incide
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Timothy E. Duffwhere Alcibiades run
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Timothy E. DuffHe describes Socrate
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Timothy E. DuffKrentz, P., “War
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Frederick E. Brenkfor guidance, and
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Frederick E. BrenkIn the very first
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Frederick E. Brenkor presumed natur
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Frederick E. BrenkThe role of Theon
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Plutarch’s Techne Rhetorike for t
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Influencia de los progymnasmata en
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Franco Ferrarilogica (διὰ το
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Franco Ferrariconsiste dunque, seco
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Franco Ferrariche lo ha preceduto,
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Franco Ferrariaveva richiamato l’
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Riddling at table: trivial ainigmat
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The reading of texts at the Graeco-
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Plutarco e la lettura nel simposioP
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Plutarco e la lettura nel simposioD
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Leading the party, Leading the City
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A ‘barbarian’ symposium and the
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Cena apud Catones: ideology and sym
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Manuel TrösterThe Lives of Flamini
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Manuel Tröster3) 16 . For another,
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Manuel Trösterin the Lives, most n
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Manuel Trösterthoughtful perceptio
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Anastasios G. Nikolaidisand the man
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Anastasios G. Nikolaidisπολιτ
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Anastasios G. NikolaidisDuff, T., P
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Paola Volpe Cacciatoreplatonico del
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Paola Volpe CacciatoreÈ la stessa
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Paola Volpe CacciatoreSe è così -
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Harvesting the fruits of virtue: ph
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Maria Leonor Santa Bárbaranos poet
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Maria Leonor Santa BárbaraAmor? Is
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Maria Leonor Santa BárbaraFlaceli
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Rosario Scannapiecofrequentazione d
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Rosario ScannapiecoL’idea della s
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Rosario Scannapiecoin cui si afferm
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Rosario Scannapiecointende, l’uni
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Rosario ScannapiecoIl costante rico
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Rosario ScannapiecoBrioso, M., “E
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Rosario ScannapiecoMartin Jr., H. M
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Rosario ScannapiecoTsouvala, G.,
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Marta Várzeastruly fertile period
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Marta VárzeasAt once, then, the At
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Marta Várzeasand condemns the youn
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Marta Várzeasa dishonorable death
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Vicente M. Ramón Palermpostre, que
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Vicente M. Ramón Palermla presenci
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Vicente M. Ramón Palerm- 22, 2:
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Vicente M. Ramón Palermestadista.
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Vicente M. Ramón Palerm_____ “Fo
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José M. Candau Morónde las relaci
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José M. Candau Morónfiguras emble
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José M. Candau Morónlos sobreente
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O sentido de philanthropia nas biog
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Section 5Quaestiones Convivales367
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Geert Roskamis discussed and justif
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Geert Roskamgarlands (645D-646A). P
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Geert RoskamDe profectibus in virtu
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Geert Roskamto get a grip on even t
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Geert RoskamPlato’s Republic (372
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Geert RoskamFavorinus’ education
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Geert Roskam_____ In Search of the
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The symposium in Plutarch’s Table
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Frances B. Titchenerthat this passa
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Frances B. TitchenerAllowed at a Fe
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Frances B. Titchenerto accentuate t
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Dancing with Plutarch: dance and da
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The omnipresence of philosophy in P
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Evocative contexts of women in Plut
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Aldo Setaiolibut both writers, as w
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Aldo Setaiolireferring to all mushr
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Aldo Setaiolitranslation in Latin h
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Aldo SetaioliMost, G. W., “Cornut
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Aurelio Pérez Jiméneza la interpr
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Aurelio Pérez Jiménezseñalarse e
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Aurelio Pérez JiménezPues bien, q
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Aurelio Pérez Jiménezcomo putrefa
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Section 6Convivium Septem Sapientiu
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José Vela Tejadacomo ya pudimos ap
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José Vela Tejadarecuerda la anécd
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José Vela Tejadavoluntad de adscri
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José Vela Tejadalos Sabios, el alm
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José Vela Tejadadesde la tradició
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José Vela TejadaSirinelli, J., Plu
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Rodolfo González Equihuaescolar 5
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Rodolfo González Equihuasu histori
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Rodolfo González Equihuaprincipal
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Rodolfo González Equihuade Lucas (
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Historical Fiction, Brachylogy, and
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Stephen T. Newmyerto the order in w
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Stephen T. Newmyerhis own defense o
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Stephen T. Newmyerconnection betwee
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Stephen T. NewmyerBrink, C. O., “
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Roosevelt Araújo da Rocha JúniorS
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Index rerumAntigonus III Doson (Mac
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Index rerum266; 268; 270 (n. 84); 2
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Index rerumconcept 208; 263‐273;
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Index rerum300 (n. 15); 301 (n. 22)
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Index locorumIndex locorumAchilles
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Index locorum1300-1325 4151308-1313
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Index locorum2.1.64-66 2112.1.66 42
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Index locorum11 422Epictetus 2673.2
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Index locorumHomerus vi, 25, 31, 10
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Index locorumMusonius Rufus 426, 43
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Index locorum219d 39219e 38 n. 9, 4
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Index locorum146D-148B 482146D 518
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Index locorum479C 265 n. 23479D 265
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Index locorum633e 70634d-e 70635b 4
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Index locorum737D-E 26737E 65, 125,
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Index locorumAemilius Paullus1 166
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Index locorum15.3 137 n. 4115.4 134
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Index locorum1.5 268 n. 581.7-8 351
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Index locorum2.2 181 n. 45.5 447 n.
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Index locorumSuetonius 237Augustus4
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Index locorum46-96 135 n. 28Zeno Ci
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Dá m a r i s Ro m e r o Go n z á
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Jo a q u i m J. S. Pinheiro is Assi
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Philip A. St a d t e r is Professor
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