PRESS

Recommendations

Info

That Germany did not even try to make a difference in this UN-mandated NATO mission makes matters worse. It is indicative of a disconnect between the country’s strategic interests and its political will to use force. For every step forward toward a normalization of German security policy (Kosovo and Afghanistan), there is a step backward (utterly restrictive rules of engagement and Libya). When German armed forces are sent into international missions, it is usually, first and foremost, explained to the public as a necessary act of solidarity with Germany’s allies. Although this is a good argument, it should never be a substitute for a lucid formulation of German interests and a cleareyed analysis of the threat to be countered. One emerging threat is the increasing weakness of the European states when it comes to their hard power capabilities and thus their ability to secure their own periphery, let alone their global strategic interests. Germany, as the undisputed economic powerhouse and central political actor in Europe, would be well advised to lead the charge in reversing this dangerous trend. This, however, would require much stronger leadership on German security policy than the country has enjoyed over most of the last 2 decades. ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 5 1. This chapter was originally published as an essay on October 8, 2013. 2. Up until the court’s decision in July 1994, the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany was understood as restricting the use of German armed forces for collective geographical security of NATO member states and the Western European Union (WEU). The court held that the government was free to deploy German troops in NATO or WEU operations “to implement resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations” but that, to 114
do so, the government would need the approval of the German parliament (Bundestag) first. See Karl-Heinz Börner, “The Future of German Operations Outside NATO,” Parameters, Spring 1996, pp. 62–72, available from strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/ parameters/Articles/96spring/borner.htm. 3. See Gary J. Schmitt, “The West’s ‘Hard Power’ Deficit,” The Los Angeles Times, September 11, 2012. 4. Some in the ministry even make the argument that, compared to the 2010 budget, such nonsubstantial, nominal increases mask the fact that in real money, the savings until 2015 practically amount to the storied $8.3 billion. 5. See Federal Ministry of Defence, “The 2012 Defence Budget,” August 14, 2012, available from www.bmvg.de/portal/a/bmvg/!ut/p/ c4/NYxBCo NADAB_tJFCL976iqqXJdYQg0kqa3b7ffVQhjkNDExw4 diEMeTrqDDAJF_qXZGicTlyOoSLXUqATJIlydjxXrpUZ-dN- 0zLVQyblFJlfI_wfueK8NIDrvZ6wSyiBio/. 6. See Federal Ministry of Defence, “Ressortbericht zum Stand der Neuausrichtung der Bundeswehr” (Interagency Report on the State of the Reorientation of the Bundeswehr), Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, May 8, 2013, pp. 13–16, available from www.bmvg.de/portal/a/bmvg/!ut/p/c4/NYvBCsIwEET_aDcBRerNEhSvvdh4S9sQVpqkrJt68eNNDs7AO8xj8Im1ye0UnFBObsUR7Uzn6QNT3AO8cuG6QqREb_FMJeKjfRYPc05eGsUnocrATjLDllnWZgpzNUALWqVNr7T6R3-70-1qzUEfzb0fcIvx8gOBJaR2/; and Bundeswehr, “Die Starke der Streitkrafte” (“Strength of Forces”), August 9, 2013, available from www.bundeswehr.de/portal/a/ bwde/streitkraefte/grundlagen/staerke/. 7. The Joint Support Service (Streitkräftebasis) was created in 2000 as a distinct organizational unit, unifying the armed forces’ logistical services at home and abroad. The Joint Support Service also includes the two universities of the armed forces (in Hamburg and Munich) and the the secret service agency (Militärische Abschirmdienst) of the Bundeswehr. 8. Brian McGrath, “NATO at Sea: Trends in Allied Naval Power,” Chap. 4, this volume. 115
Page 1 and 2:
GARY J. SCHMITT EDITOR UNITED STATE
Page 3:
STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Str
Page 6 and 7:
***** Comments pertaining to this r
Page 8 and 9:
9. Taiwanese Hard Power: Between a
Page 10 and 11:
United States. It no longer retains
Page 12 and 13:
the main action in Iraq from 2003 t
Page 14 and 15:
fort to provide an accurate, well-r
Page 16 and 17:
However, Italy remains one of the w
Page 18 and 19:
Source: Data derived from Internati
Page 20 and 21:
Under new austerity measures, Italy
Page 22 and 23:
and even missiles for its planes. I
Page 24 and 25:
Indeed, at the turn of the century,
Page 26 and 27:
not been reversed, and, as predicte
Page 28 and 29:
force, especially in the cases of I
Page 30 and 31:
On the ground, Italy’s contributi
Page 32 and 33:
But in an area nearly half the size
Page 34 and 35:
eliminated military overhead and th
Page 36 and 37:
the next half-decade. Although new
Page 38 and 39:
how it will involve the country in
Page 40 and 41:
6. The last white paper was publish
Page 42 and 43:
21. For an overview of Italy’s mi
Page 45 and 46:
CHAPTER 3 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE IN THE
Page 47 and 48:
the following decade. 2 It outlined
Page 49 and 50:
ument’s strong association with R
Page 51 and 52:
The second prominent theme of the 2
Page 53 and 54:
Source: “The Cost of Defense: ASP
Page 55 and 56:
• Acquiring P-8 Poseidon maritime
Page 57 and 58:
e until 2016 that all of the submar
Page 59 and 60:
Canberra will remain acutely sensit
Page 61 and 62:
a range of over 200 nautical miles.
Page 63 and 64:
ADF needs to be postured to support
Page 65 and 66:
Southeast Asia, and enhanced access
Page 67 and 68:
Assuming that the base of support f
Page 69 and 70:
defense cuts and predicted revenue
Page 71 and 72:
5. WikiLeaks cables subsequently re
Page 73 and 74: Appropriations Specified by Outcome
Page 75 and 76: 48. Defence White Paper 2013, pp. 4
Page 77 and 78: CHAPTER 4 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
Page 79 and 80: cially with respect to blue-water o
Page 81 and 82: permitted relatively rapid degradat
Page 83 and 84: necessary to equip them, in additio
Page 85 and 86: Sources: International Institute fo
Page 87 and 88: sion frigate (FREMM) program. (At o
Page 89 and 90: Chief of Staff of the Navy Vice Adm
Page 91 and 92: With a moderately rising defense bu
Page 93 and 94: fleet size. Insufficient funds in 2
Page 95 and 96: Sources: International Institute fo
Page 97 and 98: The desire to maintain a balanced f
Page 99 and 100: Presse, August 4, 2011, available f
Page 101 and 102: 16. Nicholas Watt, “Next Generati
Page 103 and 104: 147. See also, “Chapter Four: Eur
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 5 GERMAN HARD POWER: IS THE
Page 107 and 108: Every German security policy expert
Page 109 and 110: 4 years. In relation to its overall
Page 111 and 112: crisis, starting in 2008, did not h
Page 113 and 114: System Current or orginally planned
Page 115 and 116: In assessing this strategy and its
Page 117 and 118: odds with de Maizière’s plea to
Page 119 and 120: Second, the development of German h
Page 121 and 122: efrain from engaging the enemy. In
Page 123: most observers applaud this bold co
Page 127 and 128: 13. For a critique of the “missin
Page 129 and 130: CHAPTER 6 SOUTH KOREA: RESPONDING T
Page 131 and 132: INITIATIVES AGAINST THE NORTH KOREA
Page 133 and 134: has been equipped with the best mar
Page 135 and 136: sile 6 (SM-6) for low-altitude defe
Page 137 and 138: The accord governing South Korean p
Page 139 and 140: BUDGETS AND ACQUISITIONS: PAYING FO
Page 141 and 142: the ministry submitted a request to
Page 143 and 144: was both premature and dangerous to
Page 145 and 146: In June 2010, Presidents Lee and Ba
Page 147 and 148: Although many details still needed
Page 149 and 150: in production the U.S. and South Ko
Page 151 and 152: April 7, 2013, available from www.n
Page 153 and 154: 21. Karen Parrish, “Leaving Asia,
Page 155 and 156: www/news/nation/2009/04/113_42785.h
Page 157: 51. Hwang Sung-hee, “Korea, U.S.
Page 160 and 161: essential to Poland’s security, t
Page 162 and 163: gross domestic product (GDP) on def
Page 164 and 165: whenever possible, there will be co
Page 166 and 167: Source: Ministry of National Defenc
Page 168 and 169: Air and missile defenses (AMD), how
Page 170 and 171: MSBS 5.56 program to develop a new
Page 172 and 173: eration among the Nordic, Baltic, a
Page 174 and 175:
and EU membership for Poland’s se
Page 176 and 177:
will rely on the United States to f
Page 178 and 179:
The government seems aware of the r
Page 180 and 181:
5. In 2011, Poland’s GDP grew 4.5
Page 182 and 183:
20. If true, the deployment of Iska
Page 184 and 185:
would not face greater budget reduc
Page 186 and 187:
damental transformation of the Fren
Page 188 and 189:
downsizing of the French military a
Page 190 and 191:
The white paper appears to suggest
Page 192 and 193:
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FRE
Page 194 and 195:
able. According to the 2013 white p
Page 196 and 197:
fleet of smaller tactical transport
Page 198 and 199:
during the wars in the Persian Gulf
Page 200 and 201:
and Northern Africa from the Sahel
Page 202 and 203:
state. Essentially freezing the def
Page 204 and 205:
4. Government of France, “LOI n°
Page 206 and 207:
20. “Discours de François Hollan
Page 208 and 209:
38. See French National Assembly Co
Page 211 and 212:
CHAPTER 9 TAIWANESE HARD POWER: BET
Page 213 and 214:
DEFENSE BUDGET TRENDS While Beijing
Page 215 and 216:
promulgated the Anti-Secession Law
Page 217 and 218:
The Ma Ying-jeou administration lik
Page 219 and 220:
For example, the MND claims it will
Page 221 and 222:
Even so, the QDR describes a force
Page 223 and 224:
from the United States. The navy re
Page 225 and 226:
Source: The Looming Taiwan Fighter
Page 227 and 228:
striking PLA targets and by bringin
Page 229 and 230:
and considering the pull of the isl
Page 231 and 232:
“All-out defense” includes an e
Page 233 and 234:
Rather than trying to destroy incom
Page 235 and 236:
mainland does not eliminate the nee
Page 237 and 238:
23. “Taiwan to Deploy 3 More PAC-
Page 239:
41. Once the transition is complete
Page 242 and 243:
In member states, the effects of th
Page 244 and 245:
tion that remains both open and in
Page 246 and 247:
deployed. In France, for instance,
Page 248 and 249:
WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHICH OPERATIONS
Page 250 and 251:
obtaining equipment they would othe
Page 252 and 253:
a range of different missions. 33 D
Page 254 and 255:
Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency
Page 256 and 257:
there is still considerable discuss
Page 258 and 259:
of joint air-land operations. They
Page 260 and 261:
6. Ben Barry, “The Age of Gloom?
Page 262 and 263:
18. Patrycja Bukalska, “The Polis
Page 264 and 265:
31. Stephen Gilbert, “Improving t
Page 267 and 268:
CHAPTER 11 UNITED KINGDOM HARD POWE
Page 269 and 270:
sions), its airspace, and its terri
Page 271 and 272:
This is not to suggest that discuss
Page 273 and 274:
and the key hard-power expeditionar
Page 275 and 276:
The personnel trend in Figure 11-3
Page 277 and 278:
Thus, if a smaller force with bette
Page 279 and 280:
In 2000, the UK mounted two joint o
Page 281 and 282:
1998: SDR. The July 1998 SDR marked
Page 283 and 284:
new platforms such as the Apache at
Page 285 and 286:
Defence White Paper continued, “W
Page 287 and 288:
These eight tasks capture the wide-
Page 289 and 290:
no passing craze: it outlasted the
Page 291 and 292:
Strategic ambivalence is a national
Page 293 and 294:
As the basis for national strategy,
Page 295 and 296:
14. Strategic Defence Review, Londo
Page 297 and 298:
CHAPTER 12 POOLING AND SHARING: THE
Page 299 and 300:
such arrangements existed before th
Page 301 and 302:
non-NATO countries and that has an
Page 303 and 304:
An important ongoing program area f
Page 305 and 306:
arrangements typically involve nati
Page 307 and 308:
testing facilities, defense researc
Page 309 and 310:
In addition, nations working togeth
Page 311 and 312:
ilities, in military doctrines, in
Page 313 and 314:
informing allies or NATO. Thus, und
Page 315 and 316:
also facilitate industry involvemen
Page 317 and 318:
cessfully managed without underlyin
Page 319 and 320:
ment,” January 24, 2007, availabl
Page 321 and 322:
18. See “Netherlands, Belgium and
Page 323:
30. It should be kept in mind that
Page 326 and 327:
Understanding how Japanese policyma
Page 328 and 329:
Indeed, Prime Minister Abe can look
Page 330 and 331:
with Japan occurs.” 7 However, in
Page 332 and 333:
JAPAN’S NEIGHBORHOOD GETS ROUGHER
Page 334 and 335:
China has taken actions that can be
Page 336 and 337:
THE DYNAMIC JOINT DEFENSE FORCE Chi
Page 338 and 339:
ticularly important functions and c
Page 340 and 341:
2010, Tokyo announced its plan to i
Page 342 and 343:
Japan is also developing its own st
Page 344 and 345:
It is worth noting that these moder
Page 346 and 347:
to Amami Ōshima, which is near the
Page 348 and 349:
In 2009, the subcommittee of the de
Page 350 and 351:
society have intensified competitio
Page 352 and 353:
STRATEGY—RESOURCE MISMATCH? Beyon
Page 354 and 355:
nese interests in other parts of th
Page 356 and 357:
WILL JAPAN RISE TO THE CHALLENGE? C
Page 358 and 359:
11. Kosuke Takahashi and James Hard
Page 360 and 361:
34. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and
Page 362 and 363:
can capabilities necessarily lead o
Page 364 and 365:
NATO has streamlined and concentrat
Page 366 and 367:
still fly older but very capable ai
Page 368 and 369:
Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base as th
Page 370 and 371:
interceptors and sensors, hosting a
Page 372 and 373:
NATO nations continue decreasing de
Page 374 and 375:
The UK and Italy provided remotely
Page 376 and 377:
National Caveats. Once NATO becomes
Page 378 and 379:
in Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in 2
Page 380 and 381:
Airpower is the most rapid response
Page 382 and 383:
at long ranges and with heavy preci
Page 384 and 385:
in air operations and challenged NA
Page 386 and 387:
ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 14 1. This chapt
Page 388 and 389:
from www.theguardian.com/world/2014
Page 390 and 391:
41. Joint Air Power Competence Cent
Page 392 and 393:
ANDREW A. MICHTA is the M. W. Buckm
Page 394:
of Key U.S. Allies and Security Par
show all

PRESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?