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38. See French National Assembly Committee on National Defense and Armed Forces, Compte rendu n°18 (Report No. 18), October 30, 2012, available from www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/ cr-cdef/12-13/c1213018.asp#P5_424. 39. French Court of Auditors, Le bilan à mi-parcours de la loi de programmation militaire, p. 61. 40. Government of France, Livre Blanc: Défense et Sécurité Nationale 2013, p. 74. 41. See French National Assembly Committee on National Defense and Armed Forces, Compte rendu n°18. 42. Lieutenant Yohan Droit, “Mission et capacités SEAD— Une perspective de l’armée de l’air” (“SEAD Mission and Capabilities —A View of the Air Force”), Paris, France: Centre d’études stratégiques aérospatiales, September 2012, available from www. cesa.air.defense.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Mission_et_capacites_SEAD-_sept_ 2012.pdf. 43. Government of France, Livre Blanc: Défense et Sécurité Nationale 2013, p. 70. 44. See French Senate, Projet de Loi N°23 (“Law Draft No. 23”), October 21, 2013, available from www.senat.fr/leg/tas13-023.html; and French National Assembly Committee on National Defense and Armed Forces, Compte rendu n°56 (Report No. 56), February 20, 2013, available from www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/cr-cdef/12-13/ c1213056.asp. 45. Johan Galtung, “Les formes alternatives de défense: l’exemple européen” (“Alternative Forms of Defense: The European Example”), Érudit, Vol. 20, No. 3, 1989, pp. 625–645, available from www.erudit.org/revue/ei/1989/v20/n3/702545ar.html. 46. Catherine Durandin, Le déclin de l’armée française (The Decline of the French Military), Paris, France: François Bourin, 2013, p. 84. 47. Jean-Yves Le Drian, Discours aux commandeurs (Speech to the Commanders), Paris, France: Ministry of Defense, École Mili- 198
taire, April 29, 2013, available from www.defense.gouv.fr/content/ download/206259/2287506/file/DISCOURS-DU-MINISTRE-AUX- COMMANDEURS-LE-LUNDI-29-AVRIL-2013-A-L-ECOLE-MILI- TAIRE.pdf. 48. France acquired two MQ-9 Reapers last year. See Pierre Tran, “French AF Conducts First Reaper Flight,” Defense News, January 16, 2014, available from www.defensenews.com/arti- cle/20140116/DEFREG01/301160030/French-AF-Conducts-First- Reaper-Flight. 49. Cordélia Bonal, “Centrafrique: pourquoi la France intervient” (“Central Africa: Why France Is Intervening”), Libération, December 5, 2013, available from www.liberation.fr/monde/2013/12/05/ pourquoi-la-france-va-en-centrafrique_964366. 50. “French Overseas,” Paris, France: French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, December 31, 2012, available from www.diplomatie. gouv.fr/en/french-overseas/. 51. Government of France, Livre Blanc: Défense et Sécurité Nationale 2013, p. 63. 52. Ibid., p. 5. 53. The proposed merger of European Aeronautics and Defense and Space (EADS) and Britain’s BAE Systems is a good example of what probably should have taken place but did not. For analysis of why the proposed merger did not work out, see Carol Matlack, “Why the EADS-BAE Deal Collapsed,” Bloomberg Businessweek, October 10, 2012, available from www.businessweek.com/ articles/2012-10-10/why-the-eads-bae-deal-collapsed. 54. See French Senate, Projet de Loi N°23. 55. Frédéric Charillon, “France’s New Military Budget: Rethinking Power,” RUSI, November 13, 2013, available from www.rusi.org/publications/newsbrief/ref:A528361D338FD6/#.UuZY VRAo5pg. 199
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GARY J. SCHMITT EDITOR UNITED STATE
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STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Str
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***** Comments pertaining to this r
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9. Taiwanese Hard Power: Between a
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United States. It no longer retains
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the main action in Iraq from 2003 t
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fort to provide an accurate, well-r
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However, Italy remains one of the w
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Source: Data derived from Internati
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Under new austerity measures, Italy
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and even missiles for its planes. I
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Indeed, at the turn of the century,
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not been reversed, and, as predicte
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force, especially in the cases of I
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On the ground, Italy’s contributi
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But in an area nearly half the size
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eliminated military overhead and th
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the next half-decade. Although new
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how it will involve the country in
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6. The last white paper was publish
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21. For an overview of Italy’s mi
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CHAPTER 3 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE IN THE
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the following decade. 2 It outlined
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ument’s strong association with R
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The second prominent theme of the 2
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Source: “The Cost of Defense: ASP
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• Acquiring P-8 Poseidon maritime
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e until 2016 that all of the submar
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Canberra will remain acutely sensit
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a range of over 200 nautical miles.
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ADF needs to be postured to support
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Southeast Asia, and enhanced access
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Assuming that the base of support f
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defense cuts and predicted revenue
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5. WikiLeaks cables subsequently re
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Appropriations Specified by Outcome
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48. Defence White Paper 2013, pp. 4
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CHAPTER 4 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
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cially with respect to blue-water o
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permitted relatively rapid degradat
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necessary to equip them, in additio
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Sources: International Institute fo
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sion frigate (FREMM) program. (At o
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Chief of Staff of the Navy Vice Adm
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With a moderately rising defense bu
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fleet size. Insufficient funds in 2
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Sources: International Institute fo
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The desire to maintain a balanced f
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Presse, August 4, 2011, available f
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16. Nicholas Watt, “Next Generati
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147. See also, “Chapter Four: Eur
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CHAPTER 5 GERMAN HARD POWER: IS THE
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Every German security policy expert
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4 years. In relation to its overall
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crisis, starting in 2008, did not h
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System Current or orginally planned
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In assessing this strategy and its
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odds with de Maizière’s plea to
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Second, the development of German h
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efrain from engaging the enemy. In
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most observers applaud this bold co
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do so, the government would need th
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13. For a critique of the “missin
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CHAPTER 6 SOUTH KOREA: RESPONDING T
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INITIATIVES AGAINST THE NORTH KOREA
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has been equipped with the best mar
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sile 6 (SM-6) for low-altitude defe
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The accord governing South Korean p
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BUDGETS AND ACQUISITIONS: PAYING FO
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the ministry submitted a request to
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was both premature and dangerous to
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In June 2010, Presidents Lee and Ba
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Although many details still needed
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in production the U.S. and South Ko
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April 7, 2013, available from www.n
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21. Karen Parrish, “Leaving Asia,
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www/news/nation/2009/04/113_42785.h
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Page 162 and 163: gross domestic product (GDP) on def
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Page 166 and 167: Source: Ministry of National Defenc
Page 168 and 169: Air and missile defenses (AMD), how
Page 170 and 171: MSBS 5.56 program to develop a new
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Page 178 and 179: The government seems aware of the r
Page 180 and 181: 5. In 2011, Poland’s GDP grew 4.5
Page 182 and 183: 20. If true, the deployment of Iska
Page 184 and 185: would not face greater budget reduc
Page 186 and 187: damental transformation of the Fren
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Page 190 and 191: The white paper appears to suggest
Page 192 and 193: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FRE
Page 194 and 195: able. According to the 2013 white p
Page 196 and 197: fleet of smaller tactical transport
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Page 211 and 212: CHAPTER 9 TAIWANESE HARD POWER: BET
Page 213 and 214: DEFENSE BUDGET TRENDS While Beijing
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Page 217 and 218: The Ma Ying-jeou administration lik
Page 219 and 220: For example, the MND claims it will
Page 221 and 222: Even so, the QDR describes a force
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Page 225 and 226: Source: The Looming Taiwan Fighter
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Page 231 and 232: “All-out defense” includes an e
Page 233 and 234: Rather than trying to destroy incom
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Page 244 and 245: tion that remains both open and in
Page 246 and 247: deployed. In France, for instance,
Page 248 and 249: WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHICH OPERATIONS
Page 250 and 251: obtaining equipment they would othe
Page 252 and 253: a range of different missions. 33 D
Page 254 and 255: Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency
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of joint air-land operations. They
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6. Ben Barry, “The Age of Gloom?
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18. Patrycja Bukalska, “The Polis
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31. Stephen Gilbert, “Improving t
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CHAPTER 11 UNITED KINGDOM HARD POWE
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sions), its airspace, and its terri
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This is not to suggest that discuss
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and the key hard-power expeditionar
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The personnel trend in Figure 11-3
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Thus, if a smaller force with bette
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In 2000, the UK mounted two joint o
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1998: SDR. The July 1998 SDR marked
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new platforms such as the Apache at
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Defence White Paper continued, “W
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These eight tasks capture the wide-
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no passing craze: it outlasted the
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Strategic ambivalence is a national
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As the basis for national strategy,
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14. Strategic Defence Review, Londo
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CHAPTER 12 POOLING AND SHARING: THE
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such arrangements existed before th
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non-NATO countries and that has an
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An important ongoing program area f
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arrangements typically involve nati
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testing facilities, defense researc
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In addition, nations working togeth
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ilities, in military doctrines, in
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informing allies or NATO. Thus, und
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also facilitate industry involvemen
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cessfully managed without underlyin
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ment,” January 24, 2007, availabl
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18. See “Netherlands, Belgium and
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30. It should be kept in mind that
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Understanding how Japanese policyma
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Indeed, Prime Minister Abe can look
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with Japan occurs.” 7 However, in
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JAPAN’S NEIGHBORHOOD GETS ROUGHER
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China has taken actions that can be
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THE DYNAMIC JOINT DEFENSE FORCE Chi
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ticularly important functions and c
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2010, Tokyo announced its plan to i
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Japan is also developing its own st
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It is worth noting that these moder
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to Amami Ōshima, which is near the
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In 2009, the subcommittee of the de
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society have intensified competitio
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STRATEGY—RESOURCE MISMATCH? Beyon
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nese interests in other parts of th
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WILL JAPAN RISE TO THE CHALLENGE? C
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11. Kosuke Takahashi and James Hard
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34. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and
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can capabilities necessarily lead o
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NATO has streamlined and concentrat
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still fly older but very capable ai
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Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base as th
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interceptors and sensors, hosting a
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NATO nations continue decreasing de
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The UK and Italy provided remotely
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National Caveats. Once NATO becomes
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in Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in 2
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Airpower is the most rapid response
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at long ranges and with heavy preci
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in air operations and challenged NA
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 14 1. This chapt
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from www.theguardian.com/world/2014
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41. Joint Air Power Competence Cent
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ANDREW A. MICHTA is the M. W. Buckm
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of Key U.S. Allies and Security Par
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