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41. Joint Air Power Competence Centre, “Transforming Joint Air Power,” The Journal of the JAPCC, No. 13, 2011, available from www.japcc.org/wp-content/uploads/Journal_Ed-13_web.pdf. 42. This information derives from a summary of the author’s keynote speech at the 2013 International Seminar of the Alfredo Kindelán Chair in November 2013. 43. Steve Ranger, “NATO Updates Policy: Offers Members Article 5 Protection against Cyber Attacks,” Washington, DC: Atlantic Council, June 30, 2014, available from www.atlanticcouncil. org/blogs/natosource/nato-updates-policy-offers-members-article-5-protection-against-cyber-attacks; and NATO, Wales Summit Declaration, para. 72. 44. John A. Tirpak, “Lessons from Libya,” Air Force Magazine, December 2011. 380
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS BRUCE E. BECHTOL, JR., is an associate professor of political science at Angelo State University. PAUL CORNISH is professor of strategic studies in the Strategy & Security Institute at the University of Exeter. DOROTHÉE FOUCHAUX is a French defense analyst who has worked at the European Society of Strategic Intelligence and the French Ministry of Defence, Delegation for Strategic Affairs, as a research officer. CRAIG FRANKLIN served in the U.S. Air Force for more than 3 decades before retiring in April 2014. His last position was commander of the 3rd Air Force and 17th Expeditionary Air Force, Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Before that, he was vice director of the Joint Staff at the Pentagon. PATRICK KELLER is the coordinator of foreign and security policy at the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Berlin, Germany. GUILLAUME LASCONJARIAS is a research adviser at the NATO Defense College. MICHAEL MAZZA is a research fellow in foreign and defense policy studies at AEI. BRYAN MCGRATH is the managing director of the FerryBridge Group (a defense consultancy) and is a former officer of the U.S. Navy. 381
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GARY J. SCHMITT EDITOR UNITED STATE
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STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Str
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***** Comments pertaining to this r
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9. Taiwanese Hard Power: Between a
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United States. It no longer retains
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the main action in Iraq from 2003 t
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fort to provide an accurate, well-r
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However, Italy remains one of the w
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Source: Data derived from Internati
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Under new austerity measures, Italy
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and even missiles for its planes. I
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Indeed, at the turn of the century,
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not been reversed, and, as predicte
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force, especially in the cases of I
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On the ground, Italy’s contributi
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But in an area nearly half the size
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eliminated military overhead and th
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the next half-decade. Although new
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how it will involve the country in
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6. The last white paper was publish
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21. For an overview of Italy’s mi
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CHAPTER 3 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE IN THE
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the following decade. 2 It outlined
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ument’s strong association with R
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The second prominent theme of the 2
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Source: “The Cost of Defense: ASP
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• Acquiring P-8 Poseidon maritime
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e until 2016 that all of the submar
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Canberra will remain acutely sensit
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a range of over 200 nautical miles.
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ADF needs to be postured to support
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Southeast Asia, and enhanced access
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Assuming that the base of support f
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defense cuts and predicted revenue
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5. WikiLeaks cables subsequently re
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Appropriations Specified by Outcome
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48. Defence White Paper 2013, pp. 4
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CHAPTER 4 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
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cially with respect to blue-water o
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permitted relatively rapid degradat
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necessary to equip them, in additio
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Sources: International Institute fo
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sion frigate (FREMM) program. (At o
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Chief of Staff of the Navy Vice Adm
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With a moderately rising defense bu
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fleet size. Insufficient funds in 2
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Sources: International Institute fo
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The desire to maintain a balanced f
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Presse, August 4, 2011, available f
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16. Nicholas Watt, “Next Generati
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147. See also, “Chapter Four: Eur
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CHAPTER 5 GERMAN HARD POWER: IS THE
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Every German security policy expert
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4 years. In relation to its overall
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crisis, starting in 2008, did not h
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System Current or orginally planned
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In assessing this strategy and its
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odds with de Maizière’s plea to
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Second, the development of German h
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efrain from engaging the enemy. In
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most observers applaud this bold co
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do so, the government would need th
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13. For a critique of the “missin
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CHAPTER 6 SOUTH KOREA: RESPONDING T
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INITIATIVES AGAINST THE NORTH KOREA
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has been equipped with the best mar
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sile 6 (SM-6) for low-altitude defe
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The accord governing South Korean p
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BUDGETS AND ACQUISITIONS: PAYING FO
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the ministry submitted a request to
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was both premature and dangerous to
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In June 2010, Presidents Lee and Ba
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Although many details still needed
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in production the U.S. and South Ko
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April 7, 2013, available from www.n
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21. Karen Parrish, “Leaving Asia,
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www/news/nation/2009/04/113_42785.h
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51. Hwang Sung-hee, “Korea, U.S.
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essential to Poland’s security, t
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gross domestic product (GDP) on def
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whenever possible, there will be co
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Source: Ministry of National Defenc
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Air and missile defenses (AMD), how
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MSBS 5.56 program to develop a new
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eration among the Nordic, Baltic, a
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and EU membership for Poland’s se
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will rely on the United States to f
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The government seems aware of the r
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5. In 2011, Poland’s GDP grew 4.5
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20. If true, the deployment of Iska
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would not face greater budget reduc
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damental transformation of the Fren
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downsizing of the French military a
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The white paper appears to suggest
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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FRE
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able. According to the 2013 white p
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fleet of smaller tactical transport
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during the wars in the Persian Gulf
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and Northern Africa from the Sahel
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state. Essentially freezing the def
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4. Government of France, “LOI n°
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20. “Discours de François Hollan
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38. See French National Assembly Co
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CHAPTER 9 TAIWANESE HARD POWER: BET
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DEFENSE BUDGET TRENDS While Beijing
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promulgated the Anti-Secession Law
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The Ma Ying-jeou administration lik
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For example, the MND claims it will
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Even so, the QDR describes a force
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from the United States. The navy re
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Source: The Looming Taiwan Fighter
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striking PLA targets and by bringin
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and considering the pull of the isl
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“All-out defense” includes an e
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Rather than trying to destroy incom
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mainland does not eliminate the nee
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23. “Taiwan to Deploy 3 More PAC-
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41. Once the transition is complete
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In member states, the effects of th
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tion that remains both open and in
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deployed. In France, for instance,
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WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHICH OPERATIONS
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obtaining equipment they would othe
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a range of different missions. 33 D
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Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency
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there is still considerable discuss
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of joint air-land operations. They
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6. Ben Barry, “The Age of Gloom?
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18. Patrycja Bukalska, “The Polis
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31. Stephen Gilbert, “Improving t
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CHAPTER 11 UNITED KINGDOM HARD POWE
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sions), its airspace, and its terri
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This is not to suggest that discuss
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and the key hard-power expeditionar
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The personnel trend in Figure 11-3
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Thus, if a smaller force with bette
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In 2000, the UK mounted two joint o
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1998: SDR. The July 1998 SDR marked
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new platforms such as the Apache at
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Defence White Paper continued, “W
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These eight tasks capture the wide-
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no passing craze: it outlasted the
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Strategic ambivalence is a national
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As the basis for national strategy,
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14. Strategic Defence Review, Londo
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CHAPTER 12 POOLING AND SHARING: THE
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such arrangements existed before th
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non-NATO countries and that has an
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An important ongoing program area f
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arrangements typically involve nati
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testing facilities, defense researc
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In addition, nations working togeth
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ilities, in military doctrines, in
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informing allies or NATO. Thus, und
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also facilitate industry involvemen
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cessfully managed without underlyin
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ment,” January 24, 2007, availabl
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18. See “Netherlands, Belgium and
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30. It should be kept in mind that
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Understanding how Japanese policyma
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Indeed, Prime Minister Abe can look
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with Japan occurs.” 7 However, in
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JAPAN’S NEIGHBORHOOD GETS ROUGHER
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China has taken actions that can be
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THE DYNAMIC JOINT DEFENSE FORCE Chi
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ticularly important functions and c
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Page 344 and 345: It is worth noting that these moder
Page 346 and 347: to Amami Ōshima, which is near the
Page 348 and 349: In 2009, the subcommittee of the de
Page 350 and 351: society have intensified competitio
Page 352 and 353: STRATEGY—RESOURCE MISMATCH? Beyon
Page 354 and 355: nese interests in other parts of th
Page 356 and 357: WILL JAPAN RISE TO THE CHALLENGE? C
Page 358 and 359: 11. Kosuke Takahashi and James Hard
Page 360 and 361: 34. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and
Page 362 and 363: can capabilities necessarily lead o
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Page 366 and 367: still fly older but very capable ai
Page 368 and 369: Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base as th
Page 370 and 371: interceptors and sensors, hosting a
Page 372 and 373: NATO nations continue decreasing de
Page 374 and 375: The UK and Italy provided remotely
Page 376 and 377: National Caveats. Once NATO becomes
Page 378 and 379: in Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in 2
Page 380 and 381: Airpower is the most rapid response
Page 382 and 383: at long ranges and with heavy preci
Page 384 and 385: in air operations and challenged NA
Page 386 and 387: ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 14 1. This chapt
Page 388 and 389: from www.theguardian.com/world/2014
Page 392 and 393: ANDREW A. MICHTA is the M. W. Buckm
Page 394: of Key U.S. Allies and Security Par
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