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42. “Former Generals Criticize Seoul-Washington Deal on Wartime Control Transfer,” Yonhap, February 26, 2007, available from english.yonhapnews.co.kr/Engnews/20070226/610000000020070 226140348E0.html. 43. Victor Cha, “U.S.-Korea Relations: The Sinking of the Cheonan,” Comparative Connections, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2010, available from csis.org/files/publication/1002qus_korea.pdf. 44. Kim Tae-gyu, “Wartime Command Transition Now in Doubt,” Korea Times, March 10, 2013, available from www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2013/03/116_131848.html. 45. “National Security Is Key in Determining Delay in OP- CON Transfer,” Donga Ilbo, July 18, 2013, available from english. donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=080000&biid=2013071868238. 46. See Ashley Rowland, “Former USFK Commander Speaks Out Against Giving S. Korea Operational Control,” Stars and Stripes, April 29, 2013, available from www.stripes.com/news/pacific/ former-usfk-commander-speaks-out-against-giving-s-korea-operationalcontrol-1.218742. 47. See Song Sang-ho, “Calls against Wartime Control Transfer Resurface Amid Tension,” Korea Herald, April 22, 2013, available from www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130422000911; and Kim Eun-jung, “Seoul Vows to Keep Deadline for Wartime Control Transfer,” Yonhap, April 22, 2013, available from english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/04/22/42/0301000000AEN20130422003 451315F.HTML. 48. “Transfer of Wartime Control Unclear in Military’s Plans,” Hankyoreh Ilbo, April 2, 2013, available from www.hani.co.kr/arti/ english_edition /e_national/580872.html. 49. For details regarding the many aspects of the new projected structure as of June 2013, see Song Sang-ho, “Allies Agree on New Combined Command,” Korea Herald, June 2, 2013, available from www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20130602000282. 50. “Troop Control Handover is a Vital and Delicate Issue,” Chosun Ilbo, October 4, 2013, available from english.chosun.com/site/ data/html_dir/2013/10/04/2013100401664.html. 146
51. Hwang Sung-hee, “Korea, U.S. Agree to Extend Current Nuclear Pact by 2 Years,” Arrirang News, April 25, 2013, available from www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=146394. 52. Ibid. 53. Mark Manyin et al., U.S.–South Korea Relations, Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, April 26, 2013, available from www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf. 54. “S. Korea, U.S. Fail to Bridge Gaps on Reprocessing, Uranium Enrichment,” Yonhap, June 4, 2013, available from english. yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2013/06/04/1/0301000000AEN201306040 07700315F.HTML. 147
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GARY J. SCHMITT EDITOR UNITED STATE
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STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Str
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***** Comments pertaining to this r
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9. Taiwanese Hard Power: Between a
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United States. It no longer retains
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the main action in Iraq from 2003 t
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fort to provide an accurate, well-r
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However, Italy remains one of the w
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Source: Data derived from Internati
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Under new austerity measures, Italy
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and even missiles for its planes. I
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Indeed, at the turn of the century,
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not been reversed, and, as predicte
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force, especially in the cases of I
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On the ground, Italy’s contributi
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But in an area nearly half the size
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eliminated military overhead and th
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the next half-decade. Although new
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how it will involve the country in
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6. The last white paper was publish
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21. For an overview of Italy’s mi
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CHAPTER 3 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE IN THE
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the following decade. 2 It outlined
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ument’s strong association with R
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The second prominent theme of the 2
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Source: “The Cost of Defense: ASP
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• Acquiring P-8 Poseidon maritime
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e until 2016 that all of the submar
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Canberra will remain acutely sensit
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a range of over 200 nautical miles.
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ADF needs to be postured to support
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Southeast Asia, and enhanced access
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Assuming that the base of support f
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defense cuts and predicted revenue
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5. WikiLeaks cables subsequently re
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Appropriations Specified by Outcome
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48. Defence White Paper 2013, pp. 4
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CHAPTER 4 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
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cially with respect to blue-water o
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permitted relatively rapid degradat
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necessary to equip them, in additio
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Sources: International Institute fo
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sion frigate (FREMM) program. (At o
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Chief of Staff of the Navy Vice Adm
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With a moderately rising defense bu
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fleet size. Insufficient funds in 2
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Sources: International Institute fo
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The desire to maintain a balanced f
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Presse, August 4, 2011, available f
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16. Nicholas Watt, “Next Generati
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147. See also, “Chapter Four: Eur
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 5 GERMAN HARD POWER: IS THE
Page 107 and 108: Every German security policy expert
Page 109 and 110: 4 years. In relation to its overall
Page 111 and 112: crisis, starting in 2008, did not h
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Page 115 and 116: In assessing this strategy and its
Page 117 and 118: odds with de Maizière’s plea to
Page 119 and 120: Second, the development of German h
Page 121 and 122: efrain from engaging the enemy. In
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Page 125 and 126: do so, the government would need th
Page 127 and 128: 13. For a critique of the “missin
Page 129 and 130: CHAPTER 6 SOUTH KOREA: RESPONDING T
Page 131 and 132: INITIATIVES AGAINST THE NORTH KOREA
Page 133 and 134: has been equipped with the best mar
Page 135 and 136: sile 6 (SM-6) for low-altitude defe
Page 137 and 138: The accord governing South Korean p
Page 139 and 140: BUDGETS AND ACQUISITIONS: PAYING FO
Page 141 and 142: the ministry submitted a request to
Page 143 and 144: was both premature and dangerous to
Page 145 and 146: In June 2010, Presidents Lee and Ba
Page 147 and 148: Although many details still needed
Page 149 and 150: in production the U.S. and South Ko
Page 151 and 152: April 7, 2013, available from www.n
Page 153 and 154: 21. Karen Parrish, “Leaving Asia,
Page 155: www/news/nation/2009/04/113_42785.h
Page 160 and 161: essential to Poland’s security, t
Page 162 and 163: gross domestic product (GDP) on def
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Page 166 and 167: Source: Ministry of National Defenc
Page 168 and 169: Air and missile defenses (AMD), how
Page 170 and 171: MSBS 5.56 program to develop a new
Page 172 and 173: eration among the Nordic, Baltic, a
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Page 176 and 177: will rely on the United States to f
Page 178 and 179: The government seems aware of the r
Page 180 and 181: 5. In 2011, Poland’s GDP grew 4.5
Page 182 and 183: 20. If true, the deployment of Iska
Page 184 and 185: would not face greater budget reduc
Page 186 and 187: damental transformation of the Fren
Page 188 and 189: downsizing of the French military a
Page 190 and 191: The white paper appears to suggest
Page 192 and 193: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FRE
Page 194 and 195: able. According to the 2013 white p
Page 196 and 197: fleet of smaller tactical transport
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Page 200 and 201: and Northern Africa from the Sahel
Page 202 and 203: state. Essentially freezing the def
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20. “Discours de François Hollan
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38. See French National Assembly Co
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CHAPTER 9 TAIWANESE HARD POWER: BET
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DEFENSE BUDGET TRENDS While Beijing
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promulgated the Anti-Secession Law
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The Ma Ying-jeou administration lik
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For example, the MND claims it will
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Even so, the QDR describes a force
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from the United States. The navy re
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Source: The Looming Taiwan Fighter
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striking PLA targets and by bringin
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and considering the pull of the isl
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“All-out defense” includes an e
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Rather than trying to destroy incom
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mainland does not eliminate the nee
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23. “Taiwan to Deploy 3 More PAC-
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41. Once the transition is complete
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In member states, the effects of th
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tion that remains both open and in
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deployed. In France, for instance,
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WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHICH OPERATIONS
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obtaining equipment they would othe
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a range of different missions. 33 D
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Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency
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there is still considerable discuss
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of joint air-land operations. They
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6. Ben Barry, “The Age of Gloom?
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18. Patrycja Bukalska, “The Polis
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31. Stephen Gilbert, “Improving t
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CHAPTER 11 UNITED KINGDOM HARD POWE
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sions), its airspace, and its terri
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This is not to suggest that discuss
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and the key hard-power expeditionar
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The personnel trend in Figure 11-3
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Thus, if a smaller force with bette
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In 2000, the UK mounted two joint o
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1998: SDR. The July 1998 SDR marked
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new platforms such as the Apache at
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Defence White Paper continued, “W
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These eight tasks capture the wide-
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no passing craze: it outlasted the
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Strategic ambivalence is a national
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As the basis for national strategy,
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14. Strategic Defence Review, Londo
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CHAPTER 12 POOLING AND SHARING: THE
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such arrangements existed before th
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non-NATO countries and that has an
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An important ongoing program area f
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arrangements typically involve nati
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testing facilities, defense researc
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In addition, nations working togeth
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ilities, in military doctrines, in
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informing allies or NATO. Thus, und
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also facilitate industry involvemen
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cessfully managed without underlyin
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ment,” January 24, 2007, availabl
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18. See “Netherlands, Belgium and
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30. It should be kept in mind that
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Understanding how Japanese policyma
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Indeed, Prime Minister Abe can look
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with Japan occurs.” 7 However, in
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JAPAN’S NEIGHBORHOOD GETS ROUGHER
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China has taken actions that can be
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THE DYNAMIC JOINT DEFENSE FORCE Chi
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ticularly important functions and c
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2010, Tokyo announced its plan to i
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Japan is also developing its own st
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It is worth noting that these moder
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to Amami Ōshima, which is near the
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In 2009, the subcommittee of the de
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society have intensified competitio
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STRATEGY—RESOURCE MISMATCH? Beyon
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nese interests in other parts of th
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WILL JAPAN RISE TO THE CHALLENGE? C
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11. Kosuke Takahashi and James Hard
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34. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and
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can capabilities necessarily lead o
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NATO has streamlined and concentrat
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still fly older but very capable ai
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Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base as th
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interceptors and sensors, hosting a
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NATO nations continue decreasing de
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The UK and Italy provided remotely
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National Caveats. Once NATO becomes
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in Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in 2
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Airpower is the most rapid response
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at long ranges and with heavy preci
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in air operations and challenged NA
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 14 1. This chapt
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from www.theguardian.com/world/2014
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41. Joint Air Power Competence Cent
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ANDREW A. MICHTA is the M. W. Buckm
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of Key U.S. Allies and Security Par
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