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23. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and National Security Council,
Medium Term Defense Program, FY2014-FY2018, p. 7.
24. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and National Security Council,
National Defense Program Guidelines, p. 22.
25. Japanese Ministry of Defense, Defense Programs and Budget
of Japan: Overview of FY 2014 Budget, March 20, 2014, p. 8, available
from www.mod.go.jp/e/d_budget/pdf/251009.pdf.
26. See, for example, Sugio Takahashi, “Strike Capability
against Enemy Territory under Exclusive Defense Policy: One Option
for Coping with Enemy Missile Threats,” NIDS Security Studies,
Vol. 8, No. 1, October 2005, pp. 105-121; and Hideaki Kaneda,
“Is It Possible for the SDF to Attack Enemy Missile Bases?” Sekai
No Kansen, February 2007.
27. National Defense Division of the Liberal Democratic Party,
Subcommittee of the Defense Policymaking Council, A Proposal
Regarding the New National Defense Program Guidelines, London,
UK, June 6, 2009, pp. 11-12.
28. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and National Security Council,
National Defense Program Guidelines, p. 20.
29. The defense budget is given in 2013 dollars. For more
information, see Military Expenditure Database, Stockholm, Sweden:
SIPRI, available from www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/
milex_database.
30. Japanese Ministry of Defense, Defense of Japan 2013, p. 119.
31. Data drawn from SIPRI Military Expenditure Database 2014,
available from milexdata.sipri.org/files/?file=SIPRI+military+expendi
ture+database+1988-2013.xlsx.
32. Japanese Ministry of Defense, Defense of Japan 2013, p. 122.
33. I thank Bradford Lee for this insight. See The Military Balance
1991, London, UK: International Institute for Strategic Studies,
pp. 150, 165; and The Military Balance 2014, London, UK: International
Institute for Strategic Studies, pp. 230, 250.
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