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10. HIP is a NATO designation for the Soviet-era Mi-8 transport helicopter. 11. See Ministry of Defence and Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, Multinational Aviation Training Centre Document Signed by Four Nations, February 25, 2013, available from www. army.cz/en/ministry-of-defense/newsroom/news/multinational-aviation-training-centre-document-signed-by-four-nations-80184/. 12. The Weimar Battle Group entered operational standby for the first time in the spring of 2013. 13. See UK Ministry of Defence, “UK-France Defence Cooperation Treaty Announced,” November 2, 2010, available from www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-france-defence-co-operation-treatyannounced--2. 14. See Royal Navy, “Royal Navy Officers Join French Flagship’s Gulf Deployment, March 3, 2014, available from www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2014/ march/03/140303-rn-french. 15. See Ministry of Defence, “Double First for French and British Fast Jet Pilots,” February 11, 2013, available from www.gov.uk/ government/news/double-first-for-french-and-british-fast-jet-pilots. 16. See Pierre Tran, “UK, French Leaders Agree to Cooperate on Drone, Missile and More,” Defense News, February 1, 2014, available from www.defensenews.com/article/20140201/DE- FREG01/302010025/UK-French-Leaders-Agree-Cooperate-Drone- Missile-More. 17. For more information on the Belgium-Netherlands defense cooperation accords, see Advisory Council on International Affairs, European Defence Cooperation: Sovereignty and the Capacity to Act, January 2012, available from www.gov.uk/ government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/224227/ evidence-adviesraad-internationale-vaagstukken-european-defencecooperation.pdf. 310
18. See “Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg Enhance Defence Co-operation,” Dutch Daily News, April 26, 2012, available from www.dutchdailynews.com/netherlands-belgium-andluxembourg-enhance-defence-co-operation/. 19. For a concept paper regarding an expanded EPAF, see, “Regional Fighter Partnership: Options for Cooperation and Cost Sharing,” Kalkar, Germany: Joint Air Power Competence Centre, March 2012, available from www.japcc.org/portfolio/regional-fighterpartnership-options-for-cooperation-and-cost-sharing/. 20. This chapter focuses on Europe’s role in pooling and sharing. The United States and Canada can, of course, participate in such programs, but a primary objective should be to enhance European capabilities. Canada has played an outsized role in NATO’s involvement in Afghanistan and takes its defense capabilities very seriously. For a Canadian perspective, see Mike Greenley, Canadian Views on Smart Defence, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Association of Defence and Security Industries, October 30, 2011, available from www.ndia.org/Divisions/Divisions/ International/Documents/_Greenley_CADSI_-_Greenley_-_Quadrilateral_-_Oct_2012[1].pdf. 21. It must also be kept in mind that both NATO and the EU can only undertake those projects that member nations authorize and are willing to fund. In addition, there is at present an inherent limit on EDA activities, given the differing EU member views on the nature and extent of the EU security role. 22. This made it somewhat awkward for U.S. officials at NATO who were urging other nations to join the program while the United States was not doing so. 23. However, while there is regular interaction between NATO and the EU, much of it has been pro forma. Any truly significant enhancement of their relationship will most likely have to await resolution of underlying political issues such as the Turkey- Cyprus question. 24. This provision permits a few nations, rather than all EU nations, to cooperate. As noted earlier, to date, much of the EU pooling-and-sharing effort has consisted of analyses, communi- 311
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GARY J. SCHMITT EDITOR UNITED STATE
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STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Str
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***** Comments pertaining to this r
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9. Taiwanese Hard Power: Between a
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United States. It no longer retains
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the main action in Iraq from 2003 t
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fort to provide an accurate, well-r
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However, Italy remains one of the w
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Source: Data derived from Internati
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Under new austerity measures, Italy
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and even missiles for its planes. I
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Indeed, at the turn of the century,
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not been reversed, and, as predicte
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force, especially in the cases of I
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On the ground, Italy’s contributi
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But in an area nearly half the size
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eliminated military overhead and th
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the next half-decade. Although new
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how it will involve the country in
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6. The last white paper was publish
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21. For an overview of Italy’s mi
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CHAPTER 3 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE IN THE
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the following decade. 2 It outlined
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ument’s strong association with R
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The second prominent theme of the 2
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Source: “The Cost of Defense: ASP
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• Acquiring P-8 Poseidon maritime
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e until 2016 that all of the submar
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Canberra will remain acutely sensit
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a range of over 200 nautical miles.
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ADF needs to be postured to support
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Southeast Asia, and enhanced access
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Assuming that the base of support f
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defense cuts and predicted revenue
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5. WikiLeaks cables subsequently re
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Appropriations Specified by Outcome
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48. Defence White Paper 2013, pp. 4
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CHAPTER 4 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
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cially with respect to blue-water o
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permitted relatively rapid degradat
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necessary to equip them, in additio
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Sources: International Institute fo
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sion frigate (FREMM) program. (At o
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Chief of Staff of the Navy Vice Adm
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With a moderately rising defense bu
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fleet size. Insufficient funds in 2
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Sources: International Institute fo
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The desire to maintain a balanced f
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Presse, August 4, 2011, available f
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16. Nicholas Watt, “Next Generati
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147. See also, “Chapter Four: Eur
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CHAPTER 5 GERMAN HARD POWER: IS THE
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Every German security policy expert
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4 years. In relation to its overall
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crisis, starting in 2008, did not h
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System Current or orginally planned
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In assessing this strategy and its
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odds with de Maizière’s plea to
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Second, the development of German h
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efrain from engaging the enemy. In
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most observers applaud this bold co
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do so, the government would need th
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13. For a critique of the “missin
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CHAPTER 6 SOUTH KOREA: RESPONDING T
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INITIATIVES AGAINST THE NORTH KOREA
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has been equipped with the best mar
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sile 6 (SM-6) for low-altitude defe
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The accord governing South Korean p
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BUDGETS AND ACQUISITIONS: PAYING FO
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the ministry submitted a request to
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was both premature and dangerous to
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In June 2010, Presidents Lee and Ba
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Although many details still needed
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in production the U.S. and South Ko
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April 7, 2013, available from www.n
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21. Karen Parrish, “Leaving Asia,
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www/news/nation/2009/04/113_42785.h
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51. Hwang Sung-hee, “Korea, U.S.
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essential to Poland’s security, t
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gross domestic product (GDP) on def
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whenever possible, there will be co
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Source: Ministry of National Defenc
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Air and missile defenses (AMD), how
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MSBS 5.56 program to develop a new
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eration among the Nordic, Baltic, a
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and EU membership for Poland’s se
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will rely on the United States to f
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The government seems aware of the r
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5. In 2011, Poland’s GDP grew 4.5
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20. If true, the deployment of Iska
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would not face greater budget reduc
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damental transformation of the Fren
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downsizing of the French military a
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The white paper appears to suggest
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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FRE
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able. According to the 2013 white p
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fleet of smaller tactical transport
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during the wars in the Persian Gulf
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and Northern Africa from the Sahel
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state. Essentially freezing the def
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4. Government of France, “LOI n°
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20. “Discours de François Hollan
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38. See French National Assembly Co
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CHAPTER 9 TAIWANESE HARD POWER: BET
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DEFENSE BUDGET TRENDS While Beijing
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promulgated the Anti-Secession Law
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The Ma Ying-jeou administration lik
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For example, the MND claims it will
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Even so, the QDR describes a force
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from the United States. The navy re
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Source: The Looming Taiwan Fighter
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striking PLA targets and by bringin
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and considering the pull of the isl
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“All-out defense” includes an e
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Rather than trying to destroy incom
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mainland does not eliminate the nee
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23. “Taiwan to Deploy 3 More PAC-
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41. Once the transition is complete
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In member states, the effects of th
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tion that remains both open and in
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deployed. In France, for instance,
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WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHICH OPERATIONS
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obtaining equipment they would othe
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a range of different missions. 33 D
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Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency
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there is still considerable discuss
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of joint air-land operations. They
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6. Ben Barry, “The Age of Gloom?
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18. Patrycja Bukalska, “The Polis
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31. Stephen Gilbert, “Improving t
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CHAPTER 11 UNITED KINGDOM HARD POWE
Page 269 and 270: sions), its airspace, and its terri
Page 271 and 272: This is not to suggest that discuss
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Page 275 and 276: The personnel trend in Figure 11-3
Page 277 and 278: Thus, if a smaller force with bette
Page 279 and 280: In 2000, the UK mounted two joint o
Page 281 and 282: 1998: SDR. The July 1998 SDR marked
Page 283 and 284: new platforms such as the Apache at
Page 285 and 286: Defence White Paper continued, “W
Page 287 and 288: These eight tasks capture the wide-
Page 289 and 290: no passing craze: it outlasted the
Page 291 and 292: Strategic ambivalence is a national
Page 293 and 294: As the basis for national strategy,
Page 295 and 296: 14. Strategic Defence Review, Londo
Page 297 and 298: CHAPTER 12 POOLING AND SHARING: THE
Page 299 and 300: such arrangements existed before th
Page 301 and 302: non-NATO countries and that has an
Page 303 and 304: An important ongoing program area f
Page 305 and 306: arrangements typically involve nati
Page 307 and 308: testing facilities, defense researc
Page 309 and 310: In addition, nations working togeth
Page 311 and 312: ilities, in military doctrines, in
Page 313 and 314: informing allies or NATO. Thus, und
Page 315 and 316: also facilitate industry involvemen
Page 317 and 318: cessfully managed without underlyin
Page 319: ment,” January 24, 2007, availabl
Page 323: 30. It should be kept in mind that
Page 326 and 327: Understanding how Japanese policyma
Page 328 and 329: Indeed, Prime Minister Abe can look
Page 330 and 331: with Japan occurs.” 7 However, in
Page 332 and 333: JAPAN’S NEIGHBORHOOD GETS ROUGHER
Page 334 and 335: China has taken actions that can be
Page 336 and 337: THE DYNAMIC JOINT DEFENSE FORCE Chi
Page 338 and 339: ticularly important functions and c
Page 340 and 341: 2010, Tokyo announced its plan to i
Page 342 and 343: Japan is also developing its own st
Page 344 and 345: It is worth noting that these moder
Page 346 and 347: to Amami Ōshima, which is near the
Page 348 and 349: In 2009, the subcommittee of the de
Page 350 and 351: society have intensified competitio
Page 352 and 353: STRATEGY—RESOURCE MISMATCH? Beyon
Page 354 and 355: nese interests in other parts of th
Page 356 and 357: WILL JAPAN RISE TO THE CHALLENGE? C
Page 358 and 359: 11. Kosuke Takahashi and James Hard
Page 360 and 361: 34. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and
Page 362 and 363: can capabilities necessarily lead o
Page 364 and 365: NATO has streamlined and concentrat
Page 366 and 367: still fly older but very capable ai
Page 368 and 369: Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base as th
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interceptors and sensors, hosting a
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NATO nations continue decreasing de
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The UK and Italy provided remotely
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National Caveats. Once NATO becomes
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in Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in 2
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Airpower is the most rapid response
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at long ranges and with heavy preci
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in air operations and challenged NA
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 14 1. This chapt
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from www.theguardian.com/world/2014
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41. Joint Air Power Competence Cent
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ANDREW A. MICHTA is the M. W. Buckm
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of Key U.S. Allies and Security Par
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