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29. All quotes in this paragraph can be found at A Strong Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The National Security Strategy, London, UK: Her Majesty’s Government, pp. 15, 18, 27, available from www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/61936/national-security-strategy.pdf. 30. The Strategic Defence and Security Review, Her Majesty’s Government, pp. 10–12. 31. Ibid., p. 19. 32. House of Commons Defence Committee, Towards the Next Defence and Security Review: Part One, January 7, 2014, available from www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/ cmdfence/197/197.pdf. 33. Paul Cornish, Strategy in Austerity: The Security and Defence of the United Kingdom, London, UK: Chatham House, 2010, pp. 23–24, available from www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/ view/109490. 34. General Sir Nicholas Houghton, “Annual Chief of the Defence Staff Lecture 2013,” lecture, RUSI, London, UK, December 18, 2013, available from www.rusi.org/events/past/ ref:E5284A3D06EFFD. 286
CHAPTER 12 POOLING AND SHARING: THE EFFORT TO ENHANCE ALLIED DEFENSE CAPABILITIES 1 KEY POINTS W. Bruce Weinrod • In the face of declining defense budgets, transatlantic allies have shown increased interest in pooling-and-sharing defense efforts. • The results have been mixed, with some notable successes, such as the Strategic Airlift Capability (SAC), and other less-successful efforts, such as the European Union’s (EU) attempt to establish a common training program for jet pilots. • Large-scale pooling and sharing tends to infringe on national sovereignty issues. Consequently, successful programs are most likely tied to discrete areas of cooperation and are often carried out by smaller groups of nations. Recent developments in Crimea and Ukraine highlight the crucial importance of robust transatlantic military capabilities. However, these capabilities are on a downward trajectory. If current trends continue, the weakening of collective defenses may reach a tipping point where significant collective power projection would be problematic at best. This need not happen. The transatlantic nations have the collective resources to ensure a credible and robust defense capability, and allied governments continue to proclaim the need for a capable nation- 287
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GARY J. SCHMITT EDITOR UNITED STATE
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STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Str
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***** Comments pertaining to this r
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9. Taiwanese Hard Power: Between a
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United States. It no longer retains
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the main action in Iraq from 2003 t
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fort to provide an accurate, well-r
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However, Italy remains one of the w
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Source: Data derived from Internati
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Under new austerity measures, Italy
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and even missiles for its planes. I
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Indeed, at the turn of the century,
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not been reversed, and, as predicte
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force, especially in the cases of I
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On the ground, Italy’s contributi
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But in an area nearly half the size
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eliminated military overhead and th
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the next half-decade. Although new
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how it will involve the country in
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6. The last white paper was publish
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21. For an overview of Italy’s mi
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CHAPTER 3 AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE IN THE
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the following decade. 2 It outlined
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ument’s strong association with R
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The second prominent theme of the 2
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Source: “The Cost of Defense: ASP
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• Acquiring P-8 Poseidon maritime
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e until 2016 that all of the submar
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Canberra will remain acutely sensit
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a range of over 200 nautical miles.
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ADF needs to be postured to support
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Southeast Asia, and enhanced access
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Assuming that the base of support f
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defense cuts and predicted revenue
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5. WikiLeaks cables subsequently re
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Appropriations Specified by Outcome
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48. Defence White Paper 2013, pp. 4
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CHAPTER 4 THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY
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cially with respect to blue-water o
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permitted relatively rapid degradat
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necessary to equip them, in additio
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Sources: International Institute fo
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sion frigate (FREMM) program. (At o
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Chief of Staff of the Navy Vice Adm
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With a moderately rising defense bu
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fleet size. Insufficient funds in 2
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Sources: International Institute fo
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The desire to maintain a balanced f
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Presse, August 4, 2011, available f
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16. Nicholas Watt, “Next Generati
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147. See also, “Chapter Four: Eur
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CHAPTER 5 GERMAN HARD POWER: IS THE
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Every German security policy expert
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4 years. In relation to its overall
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crisis, starting in 2008, did not h
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System Current or orginally planned
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In assessing this strategy and its
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odds with de Maizière’s plea to
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Second, the development of German h
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efrain from engaging the enemy. In
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most observers applaud this bold co
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do so, the government would need th
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13. For a critique of the “missin
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CHAPTER 6 SOUTH KOREA: RESPONDING T
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INITIATIVES AGAINST THE NORTH KOREA
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has been equipped with the best mar
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sile 6 (SM-6) for low-altitude defe
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The accord governing South Korean p
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BUDGETS AND ACQUISITIONS: PAYING FO
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the ministry submitted a request to
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was both premature and dangerous to
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In June 2010, Presidents Lee and Ba
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Although many details still needed
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in production the U.S. and South Ko
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April 7, 2013, available from www.n
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21. Karen Parrish, “Leaving Asia,
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www/news/nation/2009/04/113_42785.h
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51. Hwang Sung-hee, “Korea, U.S.
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essential to Poland’s security, t
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gross domestic product (GDP) on def
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whenever possible, there will be co
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Source: Ministry of National Defenc
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Air and missile defenses (AMD), how
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MSBS 5.56 program to develop a new
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eration among the Nordic, Baltic, a
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and EU membership for Poland’s se
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will rely on the United States to f
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The government seems aware of the r
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5. In 2011, Poland’s GDP grew 4.5
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20. If true, the deployment of Iska
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would not face greater budget reduc
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damental transformation of the Fren
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downsizing of the French military a
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The white paper appears to suggest
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STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE FRE
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able. According to the 2013 white p
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fleet of smaller tactical transport
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during the wars in the Persian Gulf
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and Northern Africa from the Sahel
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state. Essentially freezing the def
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4. Government of France, “LOI n°
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20. “Discours de François Hollan
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38. See French National Assembly Co
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CHAPTER 9 TAIWANESE HARD POWER: BET
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DEFENSE BUDGET TRENDS While Beijing
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promulgated the Anti-Secession Law
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The Ma Ying-jeou administration lik
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For example, the MND claims it will
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Even so, the QDR describes a force
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from the United States. The navy re
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Source: The Looming Taiwan Fighter
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striking PLA targets and by bringin
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and considering the pull of the isl
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“All-out defense” includes an e
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Rather than trying to destroy incom
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mainland does not eliminate the nee
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23. “Taiwan to Deploy 3 More PAC-
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41. Once the transition is complete
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In member states, the effects of th
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tion that remains both open and in
Page 246 and 247: deployed. In France, for instance,
Page 248 and 249: WHAT EQUIPMENT FOR WHICH OPERATIONS
Page 250 and 251: obtaining equipment they would othe
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Page 254 and 255: Field Manual 3-24 Counterinsurgency
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Page 258 and 259: of joint air-land operations. They
Page 260 and 261: 6. Ben Barry, “The Age of Gloom?
Page 262 and 263: 18. Patrycja Bukalska, “The Polis
Page 264 and 265: 31. Stephen Gilbert, “Improving t
Page 267 and 268: CHAPTER 11 UNITED KINGDOM HARD POWE
Page 269 and 270: sions), its airspace, and its terri
Page 271 and 272: This is not to suggest that discuss
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Page 277 and 278: Thus, if a smaller force with bette
Page 279 and 280: In 2000, the UK mounted two joint o
Page 281 and 282: 1998: SDR. The July 1998 SDR marked
Page 283 and 284: new platforms such as the Apache at
Page 285 and 286: Defence White Paper continued, “W
Page 287 and 288: These eight tasks capture the wide-
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Page 291 and 292: Strategic ambivalence is a national
Page 293 and 294: As the basis for national strategy,
Page 295: 14. Strategic Defence Review, Londo
Page 299 and 300: such arrangements existed before th
Page 301 and 302: non-NATO countries and that has an
Page 303 and 304: An important ongoing program area f
Page 305 and 306: arrangements typically involve nati
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Page 309 and 310: In addition, nations working togeth
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Page 313 and 314: informing allies or NATO. Thus, und
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Page 321 and 322: 18. See “Netherlands, Belgium and
Page 323: 30. It should be kept in mind that
Page 326 and 327: Understanding how Japanese policyma
Page 328 and 329: Indeed, Prime Minister Abe can look
Page 330 and 331: with Japan occurs.” 7 However, in
Page 332 and 333: JAPAN’S NEIGHBORHOOD GETS ROUGHER
Page 334 and 335: China has taken actions that can be
Page 336 and 337: THE DYNAMIC JOINT DEFENSE FORCE Chi
Page 338 and 339: ticularly important functions and c
Page 340 and 341: 2010, Tokyo announced its plan to i
Page 342 and 343: Japan is also developing its own st
Page 344 and 345: It is worth noting that these moder
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to Amami Ōshima, which is near the
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In 2009, the subcommittee of the de
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society have intensified competitio
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STRATEGY—RESOURCE MISMATCH? Beyon
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nese interests in other parts of th
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WILL JAPAN RISE TO THE CHALLENGE? C
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11. Kosuke Takahashi and James Hard
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34. Prime Minister’s Cabinet and
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can capabilities necessarily lead o
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NATO has streamlined and concentrat
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still fly older but very capable ai
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Mihail Kogălniceanu Air Base as th
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interceptors and sensors, hosting a
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NATO nations continue decreasing de
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The UK and Italy provided remotely
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National Caveats. Once NATO becomes
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in Operation UNIFIED PROTECTOR in 2
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Airpower is the most rapid response
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at long ranges and with heavy preci
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in air operations and challenged NA
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ENDNOTES - CHAPTER 14 1. This chapt
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from www.theguardian.com/world/2014
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41. Joint Air Power Competence Cent
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ANDREW A. MICHTA is the M. W. Buckm
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of Key U.S. Allies and Security Par
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