ANNUAL REPORT

116
Countries rely on AD and CVD cases against China to protect
themselves from the influx of government-subsidized goods imported
below market value. Globally, between 1995 and 2014, 1,052
AD cases were initiated against China—759 of which resulted in
the imposition of AD duties—the most of any country and over 700
cases more than were initiated against South Korea, the secondhighest
AD recipient (see Figure 7). 218 During the same period, 90
CVD cases were initiated against China, also the most of any country.
219 AD and CVD cases against China are becoming increasingly
frequent, with the United States launching a total of 48 AD and
CVD investigations in the first nine months of 2016, 28 of which
involved Chinese goods (for a complete list of U.S. AD and CVD
cases filed against China in 2016, see Addendum II, ‘‘AD and CVD
Investigations Initiated by the United States Against China,
2016’’). 220 Unsurprisingly, Chinese industries with excess capacity
are the most common targets of trade remedy investigations, with
80 percent of the world’s AD and CVD cases against China concentrated
in base metals, chemicals, machinery and equipment,
textiles, rubber, plastics, stone, cement, and glass. 221 Although the
Department of Commerce has the authority to self-initiate AD and
CVD cases, it has done so only once since 1991. 222
Figure 7: Top Ten Economies by AD Actions Received, 1995–2014
Source: Rui Fan, ‘‘China’s Excess Capacity: Drivers and Implications,’’ Stewart and Stewart,
June 2015, 12.
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Status of Deliberations
At a panel on China’s MES during the Commission’s February
hearing on ‘‘China’s Economic Realities and Implications for the
United States,’’ the majority of expert witnesses testified that
granting China MES would limit countries’ ability to restore fair
pricing in the market. 223 The debate over China’s MES revolves
around two questions: whether China is entitled to automatic con-
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