ANNUAL REPORT

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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with USCC 550 FYP five-year plan G20 The Group of Twenty GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP gross domestic product GSD General Staff Department (of the People’s Liberation Army) GPS Global Positioning System HA/DR humanitarian assistance/disaster relief HEU highly enriched uranium HKD Hong Kong Dollar HKU University of Hong Kong HUMINT human intelligence IC integrated circuit ICAO UN International Civil Aviation Organization ICIJ International Consortium of Investigative Journalists ICT information and communication technology IMF International Monetary Fund INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization ISI Inter-Services Intelligence (Pakistan) ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISP Internet service provider ISR intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance IT information technology ITA International Trade Administration ITC U.S. International Trade Commission JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution System KMT Kuomintang (Taiwan) LegCo Legislative Council (Hong Kong) LEU low-enriched uranium LGFV local government financing vehicle M&A mergers and acquisitions MAC Mainland Affairs Council (Taiwan) MES market economy status MIDS/LVT Multifunctional Information Distribution System Low Volume Terminals MOFCOM Ministry of Commerce (China) MOU memorandum of understanding MSS Ministry of State Security (China) MW megawatt NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NASA U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NDRC National Development and Reform Commission NEO noncombatant evacuation operation NGO nongovernmental organization nm nautical mile NME nonmarket economy NPL nonperforming loan NPT Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons NSG Nuclear Suppliers Group OBOR One Belt, One Road ODNI U.S. Office of the Director of National Intelligence OECD Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development VerDate Sep 11 2014 12:36 Nov 02, 2016 Jkt 020587 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6601 G:\GSDD\USCC\2016\FINAL\11_C4_B_M.XXX 11_C4_B_M
551 OPM PBOC PLA PMI PPI PPP PRC QDII QFII R&D RCEP RIMPAC RMB ROK RQFII S&ED SAM SAPPRFT SASAC SCO SDR SEZ SIPRI SLBM SOE SSBN TAO TATDLS THAAD TIFA TOW TPP UAV UK UN UNCLOS UNSCR USAID USCBC USD USTR VAT VHF WTO U.S. Office of Personnel Management People’s Bank of China People’s Liberation Army Purchasing Managers’ Index Producer Price Index public-private partnership People’s Republic of China Qualified Domestic Institutional Investment Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor research and development Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Rim of the Pacific renminbi Republic of Korea RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor Strategic and Economic Dialogue surface-to-air missile State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (China) State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (China) Shanghai Cooperation Organization Special Drawing Rights special economic zone Stockholm International Peace Research Institute submarine-launched ballistic missile state-owned enterprise nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine Taiwan Affairs Office (China) Taiwan Advanced Tactical Data Link System Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Trade and Investment Framework Agreement tube-launched, optically-tracked, wireless-guided Trans-Pacific Partnership unmanned aerial vehicle United Kingdom United Nations UN Convention on the Law of the Sea UN Security Council Resolution U.S. Agency for International Development US-China Business Council U.S. dollar Office of the U.S. Trade Representative value-added tax very high frequency communications World Trade Organization dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with USCC VerDate Sep 11 2014 12:36 Nov 02, 2016 Jkt 020587 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6601 G:\GSDD\USCC\2016\FINAL\11_C4_B_M.XXX 11_C4_B_M
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USCC 2016 ANNUAL REPORT
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1 2016 REPORT TO CONGRESS of the U.
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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• The safety of food, drug, and o
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CONTENTS Page TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO
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IX Page Recommendations ...........
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2 ernment’s “going out” strat
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4 economically and politically stra
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6 wage rates are determined by free
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8 while allowing a greater role for
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10 began construction on its first
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12 from—the People’s Republic o
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14 cluding cyber and human intellig
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16 exporter of manufactured goods,
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18 Pakistan’s economic and securi
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20 Beijing appears to remain skepti
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22 trends in Hong Kong with regard
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24 UNSCR 2270. However, in May and
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26 Korea, designating Dandong Hongx
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28 tional order—both before and a
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30 to examine China’s economic an
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32 debt, and jeopardizing long-term
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 U.S.-CHINA E
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37 Statistics with Chinese Characte
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39 up from 52.3 percent in the seco
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41 Early signs suggest President Xi
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43 Figure 4: China’s Total Debt b
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45 reserves to defend the RMB. 75 I
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47 The pace of U.S. export growth t
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49 The United States continued to r
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51 commitments, China has only take
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53 Table 3: Top Five Business Chall
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55 U.S. Tech Firms and Their Chines
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57 ment of Justice’s May 2014 ind
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59 Internet Censorship As a result
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61 on the future of U.S.-China rela
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63 Chapter 1, Section 2, “State-O
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65 Table 5: Failed Chinese Bids for
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67 • Accelerating Bilateral Inves
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69 cess capacity, which will share
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71 United States Challenges Chinese
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73 rulings of the DSB [Dispute Sett
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75 Conclusions • In 2015, the U.S
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77 Addendum I: WTO Cases Recent and
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79 ENDNOTES FOR SECTION 1 1. Lucy H
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81 55. Gabriel Wildau and Don Weinl
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83 119. American Chamber of Commerc
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85 and Espionage Operations, oral t
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87 217. Kane Wu, “Chinese Compani
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89 271. Office of the U.S. Trade Re
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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with USCC
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93 Lardy, senior fellow at the Pete
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99 pany competitiveness and stimula
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105 Table 2: Select Chinese Overcap
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107 levels. 135 The situation is on
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109 Figure 5: China’s Monthly Cru
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111 Figure 6: U.S. Steel Industry Q
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123 Addendum I: Section 15 of China
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125 Addendum II: AD and CVD Investi
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141 dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with
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143 lifetime cost of bringing the e
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145 gets achieved). 57 Using satell
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147 cost of compliance,’’ and p
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151 boost the efficiency of China
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Table 1: 157 Chinese Attempted and
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Table 1: 159 Chinese Attempted and
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163 Figure 4: China’s Total Debt-
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173 weapons, opens the U.S. militar
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175 ests, and allow for greater vol
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177 Addendum I: Key Targets in Chin
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179 Addendum I: Key Targets in Chin
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195 The ultimate impact of the ruli
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197 Environmental Impact of China
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201 China’s Maritime Disputes in
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203 Reform and Reorganization of th
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207 • PLA Army Headquarters: Chin
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211 Figure 5: Type 072A Tank Landin
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215 Figure 7: JL-2 Missile Range Co
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221 Space-Tracking Facility in Arge
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223 Table 1: Significant PLA Bilate
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227 Nigeria will be the first expor
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231 tional annexes to the 2014 Noti
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233 Select U.S.-China Security-Rela
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257 China’s Core Interests—Cont
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259 guerrillas in Colombia and held
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271 stan. 109 In 2014, the PLA Air
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275 conflict Chinese expeditionary
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279 RECOMMENDATIONS Developments in
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SECTION 3: CHINESE INTELLIGENCE SER
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291 Strategic Support Force In Dece
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293 of advanced intelligence, surve
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295 tives, and sexual entrapment. 4
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297 information to a Chinese intell
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299 such as power transmission grid
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301 for transferring trade secrets
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303 nal U.S. discussions of issues
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305 ENDNOTES FOR SECTION 3 1. U.S.-
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307 29. U.S. Department of Justice,
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309 63. U.S. Department of Justice,
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311 106. Eric Holder, “Attorney G
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314 sure its own ambitions in South
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316 Chinese foreign direct investme
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318 • Pakistan: In 2015, China an
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320 India “Acts East” and Puts
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322 Counter Terrorism and Religious
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324 tivities of the Dalai Lama and
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326 incursions across the border fr
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328 conducive to sea lane protectio
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330 Karachi Port, that could eventu
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332 India and OBOR India has not en
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334 China’s Arms Sales to Pakista
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336 For China, the goals of CPEC ar
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338 according to Mr. Small, “The
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340 side the Treaty on the Non-Prol
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342 Facets of U.S.-India Defense Re
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344 of China, but has advocated for
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346 • Recent U.S.-China tensions
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348 24. Debasish Roy Chowdhury, “
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350 71. Jeff Smith, Cold Peace: Chi
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352 127. U.S.-China Economic and Se
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354 2016, 86; Andrew Small, The Chi
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358 Taiwan’s Economic Challenges
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364 agreements. 57 Since then, many
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366 $67.2 billion, comprising 25.4
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368 Foreign Direct Investment China
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370 is leading the initiative, have
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374 Taiwan and the 11-Dash Line The
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384 trade-based partner to an innov
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390 • China’s military moderniz
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410 Hong Kong’s Political Gossip
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414 moving up one place compared to
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418 Chinese Censorship of Prize-Win
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420 Hong Kong and the ‘‘Panama
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424 Table 1: Select PLA Hong Kong G
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428 sitive periods in Hong Kong, le
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436 150. Commission meeting with Ta
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442 Korea. The resolution also bans
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444 increase pressure on Pyongyang.
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446 pand China-South Korea ties. 54
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448 Technical Details of THAAD The
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456 Korea runs perpetual merchandis
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460 pressure is more likely to brin
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462 ty for sanctions violations, co
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479 sailors would be stationed in J
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485 Table 1: U.S. Goods Trade with
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489 basis for President Obama’s c
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Page 513 and 514: dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with USCC
Page 539 and 540: APPENDIX II BACKGROUND OF COMMISSIO
Page 549 and 550: APPENDIX III PUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
Page 551 and 552: 537 June 9, 2016: Public Hearing on
Page 553 and 554: APPENDIX IIIA LIST OF WITNESSES TES
Page 555 and 556: 541 Alphabetical Listing of Panelis
Page 557 and 558: APPENDIX IV LIST OF RESEARCH MATERI
Page 561 and 562: 547 China’s Military Agreements w
Page 563: APPENDIX V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
Page 567: 553 2016 COMMISSION STAFF MICHAEL R
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