ANNUAL REPORT

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178 Addendum I: Key Targets in China’s 12th, and 13th FYPs—Continued Target 2010 (Actual) 12th FYP (2015 Target) 2015 (Actual) 13th FYP (2020 Target) [Average Annual Rate] Ratio of Good Air Quality Days in Cities at the Prefecture Level or Above+ — — 76.7% >80% (B) Reduction in the PM2.5 Concentration that Exceeds 35 Micrograms per Cubic Meter in Cities at the Prefecture Level or Above+ — — 18% (B) Surface Water Quality *+ Percent of Water Meeting or Exceeding Class III Level+ — — 66% >70% (B) Percent of Water Exceeding the Class V Level+ — — 9.70%
179 Addendum I: Key Targets in China’s 12th, and 13th FYPs—Continued Target 2010 (Actual) 12th FYP (2015 Target) 2015 (Actual) 13th FYP (2020 Target) [Average Annual Rate] Forest Stock 13.7 trillion cubic meters 14.3 trillion cubic meters 15.1 trillion cubic meters 16.5 trillion cubic meters [14%] (B) Reduction in Carbon Emissions per Unit of GDP — 17% (B) 20% 18% (B) Nonfossil Fuel as a Percent of Primary Energy Consumption 8.3% 11.4% (B) 12% 15% [3%] (B) Reduction of Emission of Major Pollutants Reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) — 8% (B) 12.9% 10% (B) Reduction in Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) — 8% (B) 18.0% 10% (B) Reduction in Ammonia Nitrogen — 10% (B) 13.0% 15% (B) Reduction in Nitrous Oxides — 10% (B) 18.6% 15% (B) Source: People’s Republic of China, 12th Five-Year Plan on National Economic and Social Development, March 16, 2011. Staff translation; People’s Republic of China, 13th Five-Year Plan on National Economic and Social Development, March 17, 2016. Staff translation. dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with USCC VerDate Sep 11 2014 12:16 Nov 02, 2016 Jkt 020587 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 6601 Sfmt 6601 G:\GSDD\USCC\2016\FINAL\06_C1_C2_M.XXX 06_C1_C2_M
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USCC 2016 ANNUAL REPORT
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1 2016 REPORT TO CONGRESS of the U.
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U.S.-CHINA ECONOMIC AND SECURITY RE
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• The safety of food, drug, and o
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CONTENTS Page TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO
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IX Page Recommendations ...........
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2 ernment’s “going out” strat
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4 economically and politically stra
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6 wage rates are determined by free
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8 while allowing a greater role for
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10 began construction on its first
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12 from—the People’s Republic o
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14 cluding cyber and human intellig
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16 exporter of manufactured goods,
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18 Pakistan’s economic and securi
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20 Beijing appears to remain skepti
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22 trends in Hong Kong with regard
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24 UNSCR 2270. However, in May and
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26 Korea, designating Dandong Hongx
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28 tional order—both before and a
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30 to examine China’s economic an
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32 debt, and jeopardizing long-term
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Introduction CHAPTER 1 U.S.-CHINA E
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37 Statistics with Chinese Characte
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39 up from 52.3 percent in the seco
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41 Early signs suggest President Xi
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43 Figure 4: China’s Total Debt b
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45 reserves to defend the RMB. 75 I
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47 The pace of U.S. export growth t
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49 The United States continued to r
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51 commitments, China has only take
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53 Table 3: Top Five Business Chall
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55 U.S. Tech Firms and Their Chines
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57 ment of Justice’s May 2014 ind
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59 Internet Censorship As a result
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61 on the future of U.S.-China rela
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63 Chapter 1, Section 2, “State-O
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65 Table 5: Failed Chinese Bids for
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67 • Accelerating Bilateral Inves
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69 cess capacity, which will share
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71 United States Challenges Chinese
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73 rulings of the DSB [Dispute Sett
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75 Conclusions • In 2015, the U.S
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77 Addendum I: WTO Cases Recent and
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79 ENDNOTES FOR SECTION 1 1. Lucy H
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81 55. Gabriel Wildau and Don Weinl
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83 119. American Chamber of Commerc
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85 and Espionage Operations, oral t
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87 217. Kane Wu, “Chinese Compani
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89 271. Office of the U.S. Trade Re
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dkrause on DSKHT7XVN1PROD with USCC
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93 Lardy, senior fellow at the Pete
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99 pany competitiveness and stimula
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105 Table 2: Select Chinese Overcap
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107 levels. 135 The situation is on
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109 Figure 5: China’s Monthly Cru
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111 Figure 6: U.S. Steel Industry Q
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123 Addendum I: Section 15 of China
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125 Addendum II: AD and CVD Investi
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Page 157 and 158: 143 lifetime cost of bringing the e
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Page 161 and 162: 147 cost of compliance,’’ and p
Page 165 and 166: 151 boost the efficiency of China
Page 171 and 172: Table 1: 157 Chinese Attempted and
Page 173 and 174: Table 1: 159 Chinese Attempted and
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Page 187 and 188: 173 weapons, opens the U.S. militar
Page 189 and 190: 175 ests, and allow for greater vol
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Page 209 and 210: 195 The ultimate impact of the ruli
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Page 215 and 216: 201 China’s Maritime Disputes in
Page 217 and 218: 203 Reform and Reorganization of th
Page 221 and 222: 207 • PLA Army Headquarters: Chin
Page 225 and 226: 211 Figure 5: Type 072A Tank Landin
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231 tional annexes to the 2014 Noti
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233 Select U.S.-China Security-Rela
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257 China’s Core Interests—Cont
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259 guerrillas in Colombia and held
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271 stan. 109 In 2014, the PLA Air
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275 conflict Chinese expeditionary
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279 RECOMMENDATIONS Developments in
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SECTION 3: CHINESE INTELLIGENCE SER
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291 Strategic Support Force In Dece
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293 of advanced intelligence, surve
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295 tives, and sexual entrapment. 4
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297 information to a Chinese intell
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299 such as power transmission grid
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301 for transferring trade secrets
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303 nal U.S. discussions of issues
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305 ENDNOTES FOR SECTION 3 1. U.S.-
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307 29. U.S. Department of Justice,
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309 63. U.S. Department of Justice,
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311 106. Eric Holder, “Attorney G
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314 sure its own ambitions in South
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316 Chinese foreign direct investme
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318 • Pakistan: In 2015, China an
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320 India “Acts East” and Puts
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322 Counter Terrorism and Religious
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324 tivities of the Dalai Lama and
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326 incursions across the border fr
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328 conducive to sea lane protectio
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330 Karachi Port, that could eventu
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332 India and OBOR India has not en
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334 China’s Arms Sales to Pakista
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336 For China, the goals of CPEC ar
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338 according to Mr. Small, “The
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340 side the Treaty on the Non-Prol
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342 Facets of U.S.-India Defense Re
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344 of China, but has advocated for
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346 • Recent U.S.-China tensions
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348 24. Debasish Roy Chowdhury, “
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350 71. Jeff Smith, Cold Peace: Chi
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352 127. U.S.-China Economic and Se
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354 2016, 86; Andrew Small, The Chi
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358 Taiwan’s Economic Challenges
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364 agreements. 57 Since then, many
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366 $67.2 billion, comprising 25.4
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368 Foreign Direct Investment China
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370 is leading the initiative, have
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374 Taiwan and the 11-Dash Line The
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384 trade-based partner to an innov
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390 • China’s military moderniz
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410 Hong Kong’s Political Gossip
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414 moving up one place compared to
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418 Chinese Censorship of Prize-Win
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420 Hong Kong and the ‘‘Panama
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424 Table 1: Select PLA Hong Kong G
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428 sitive periods in Hong Kong, le
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436 150. Commission meeting with Ta
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442 Korea. The resolution also bans
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444 increase pressure on Pyongyang.
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446 pand China-South Korea ties. 54
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448 Technical Details of THAAD The
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456 Korea runs perpetual merchandis
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460 pressure is more likely to brin
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462 ty for sanctions violations, co
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479 sailors would be stationed in J
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485 Table 1: U.S. Goods Trade with
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489 basis for President Obama’s c
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APPENDIX II BACKGROUND OF COMMISSIO
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APPENDIX III PUBLIC HEARINGS OF THE
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537 June 9, 2016: Public Hearing on
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APPENDIX IIIA LIST OF WITNESSES TES
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541 Alphabetical Listing of Panelis
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APPENDIX IV LIST OF RESEARCH MATERI
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547 China’s Military Agreements w
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APPENDIX V ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIO
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551 OPM PBOC PLA PMI PPI PPP PRC QD
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553 2016 COMMISSION STAFF MICHAEL R
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ANNUAL REPORT

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