ANNUAL REPORT

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20. Greg Torode, ‘‘Exclusive: Vietnam Moves New Rocket Launchers into Disputed
South China Sea-Sources,’’ Reuters, August 10, 2016.
21. John W. McManus, ‘‘Spratly Islands Importance, Damage, and Options for
Peace’’ (Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Washington,
DC, October 19, 2015); Center for Strategic and International Studies, Asia
Maritime Transparency Initiative, ‘‘Island Tracker.’’
22. John W. McManus, ‘‘Offshore Coral Reef Damage, Overfishing and Paths to
Peace in the South China Sea,’’ draft accepted for publication in Erik Franckx and
Marco Benatar, eds., International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law (special edition
on the South China Sea), forthcoming in 2017.
23. PCA Case No. 2013–19 in the Matter of the South China Sea Arbitration before
an Arbitral Tribunal Constituted under Annex VII to the 1982 United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea between the Republic of the Philippines and the
People’s Republic of China, Award, July 12, 2016, 359.
24. China’s National Development and Reform Commission, National Development
and Reform Commission Draws up a Plan for the Construction of Civilian Infrastructure
on the Islands and Reefs in the Spratly Islands, June 17, 2015. Staff
translation; China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua
Chunying’s Regular Press Conference on April 9, 2015, April 9, 2015.
25. Conor M. Kennedy and Andrew S. Erickson ‘‘From Frontier to Frontline:
Tanmen Maritime Militia’s Leading Role Pt. 2,’’ Center for International Maritime
Security, May 17, 2016; Jeremy Page, ‘‘Vietnam Accuses Chinese Ships,’’ Wall Street
Journal, December 3, 2012; Bloomberg, ‘‘Vietnam Says Chinese Boat Harassed Survey
Ship; China Disputes,’’ June 9, 2011; and CNN, ‘‘Pentagon Says Chinese Vessels
Harassed U.S. Ship,’’ March 9, 2009.
26. Andrew Erickson and Conor M. Kennedy, ‘‘China’s Fishing Militia Is a Military
Force in All but Name,’’ War Is Boring (Blog), July 9, 2016.
27. Rachael Bale, ‘‘One of the World’s Biggest Fisheries Is on the Verge of Collapse,’’
National Geographic, August 29, 2016.
28. Wendell Minnick, ‘‘China Expands Presence with Fighters on Woody Island,’’
Defense News, November 8, 2015.
29. Ankit Panda, ‘‘Chinese J–11 Fighters Exercise in the South China Sea after
US Navy Patrols,’’ Diplomat (Japan), November 2, 2015.
30. Lucas Tomlinson and Yonat Friling, ‘‘Chinese Fighter Jets Seen on Contested
South China Sea Island, Evidence of Beijing’s Latest Bold Move,’’ Fox News,
April 12, 2016.
31. Sean O’Connor, ‘‘Imagery Shows Chinese HQ–9 Battery Being Removed from
Woody Island,’’ IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, July 21, 2016; Lucas Tomlinson and
Yonat Friling, ‘‘Chinese Fighter Jets Seen on Contested South China Sea Island,
Evidence of Beijing’s Latest Bold Move,’’ Fox News, April 12, 2016; and Lucas Tomlinson
and Yonat Friling, ‘‘Exclusive: China Sends Surface-to-Air Missiles to Contested
Island in Provocative Move,’’ Fox News, February 16, 2016.
32. Hope Hodge Seck, ‘‘China Has Deployed Missiles to Disputed Island Before,
US Admiral Says,’’ Military.com, February 19, 2016.
33. Sean O’Connor, ‘‘Imagery Shows Chinese HQ–9 Battery Being Removed from
Woody Island,’’ IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly, July 21, 2016.
34. Xinhua, ‘‘Chinese Navy Conducts Combat Drill in South China Sea,’’ July 9,
2016.
35. Xinhua, ‘‘Chinese Navy Conducts Combat Drill in South China Sea,’’ July 9,
2016.
36. Global Times (China), ‘‘China to Conduct Another Drill in S. China Sea,’’
July 20, 2016.
37. China Military Online, ‘‘J–11 Fighter Jets Conduct Live-Fire Training in
South China Sea,’’ July 22, 2016.
38. Xinhua, ‘‘China’s Air Force Conducts Combat Air Patrol in South China
Sea,’’ July 18, 2016.
39. Xinhua, ‘‘Chinese Military Aircraft Patrol South China Sea,’’ August 6, 2016.
40. China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Position Paper of the Government of the
People’s Republic of China on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration
Initiated by the Republic of the Philippines, December 7, 2014; Permanent
Court of Arbitration at The Hague, Arbitration between the Republic of the Philippines
and the People’s Republic of China: Arbitral Tribunal Establishes Rules of
Procedure and Initial Timetable, August 27, 2013; and China’s Embassy to the Philippines,
2013 No. 039, February 19, 2013. See also Julian Ku, ‘‘A Guide to Countering
Chinese Government Spin on the Fairness of the South China Sea Arbitration
Tribunal,’’ Lawfare (Blog), June 20, 2016.
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