XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
of neutrophils and monocytes. It can be concluded that
the additive had an effect on the adhesion of the tested
pathogenic E. coli strain to enterocytes, which might be
relevant for the prevention post-weaning diarrhea.
Key words: phytogenic feed additive, adhesion, microbiota
2021 Deoxynivalenol and lipopolysaccharides affect
porcine small intestinal integrity along the proximodistal
axis. J. Kluess* 1 , L. R. Klunker 1 , N. Walk 1 , C. Nossol
1 , S. Kahlert 1 , B. Brosig 2 , S. Döll 2 , S. Dänicke 2 , and H.
J. Rothkötter 1 , 1 Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty,
Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt,
Germany, 2 Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Research
Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony,
Germany.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent
mycotoxins in temperate climates and occurs
predominantly on cereal crops. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
are part of the outer membrane of gram- negative bacteria.
Both are thought to impair porcine intestinal morphology
and epithelial barrier integrity. We investigated the effect
of DON and LPS on crypt depth, cell proliferation and
expression of tight junction protein (ZO 1) in the pig’s small
intestine. 48 barrows (26 ± 4 kg BW) were fed a barleybased
control or a diet containing 3.1 mg/kg DON for 4
wk. Subsequently, control group was infused for 1 h either
with 100 µg/kg BW DON (CON-DON) or 7.5 µg/kg BW LPS
(CON-LPS) or both treatments (CON-DON+LPS) or 0.9%
NaCl (CON-CON) and the DON group with LPS (DON-
LPS) or NaCl (DON-CON). Pigs were killed 3.25 h after
start of infusion. One hour prior to killing, all pigs received
an infusion of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) a nucleotide
analogue (10 mg BrdU /kg BW) as a proliferation marker.
Tissue was taken from duodenum, proximal jejunum,
mid-jejunum, proximal ileum and terminal ileum. Crypt
depth, BrdU positive cells and immunofluorescence of
ZO 1 were analysed and data compared by ANOVA.
Duodenal crypts were deeper compared to the other gut
sections irrespective of treatment (P < 0.001). Proliferation
was not highest in duodenum, but showed a bell-shaped
distribution along the proximo-distal gut axis with the
highest number of proliferating cells in proximal and midjejunum
(P < 0.001). There was no effect of treatment. ZO 1
was localized apical as well as cytosolic in the three upper
gut sections whereas ileal sections showed only an apical
signal. The LPS markedly altered the spatial distribution of
ZO 1: a strong apical ZO 1 signal was present whereas the
cytosolic localization disappeared in all gut sections. This
effect was irrespective of DON presence. In conclusion,
we demonstrated that proliferation shows a distinct pattern
along the small intestine and is not necessarily linked to
crypt depth. Furthermore we showed that LPS modified ZO
1 distribution along the gut axis.
Key words: deoxynivalenol, epithelial morphology, tight
junction protein
2022 effects of supplementing dietary laminarin and
fucoidan in the weaned pig on intestinal morphology
and volatile fatty acid concentrations. A. M. Walsh,*
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
100
Session III
T. Sweeney, C. J. O’Shea, D. N. Doyle, B. Flynn, and J.
V. O’Doherty, University College Dublin, Lyons Research
Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate
the interactions between two different fucoidan (0 vs.
240 ppm) and laminarin (0 vs. 300 ppm) levels on gut
morphology and volatile fatty acid concentrations in the
weaned pig. Twenty-eight piglets (24 d of age, 6.9 kg liveweight)
were assigned to one of four dietary treatments
for 8 days post-weaning and then sacrificed. The dietary
treatments were as follows (1) control diet, (2) control diet
+ 240 ppm fucoidan, (3) control diet + 300 ppm laminarin,
(4) control diet + 300 ppm laminarin and 240 ppm fucoidan.
Tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum
and ileum for morphological measurements. Digesta
samples were taken from the caecum and proximal colon
for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis. In the duodenum,
there was a significant interaction between laminarin and
fucoidan supplementation on villous height (P < 0.01)
and the villous height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.01). Pigs
offered the laminarin diet had an increased villous height
and villous height to crypt depth ratio compared to pigs
offered the control diet. However, there was no effect of
laminarin when fucoidan was added. There was no effect of
dietary treatment on villous height, crypt depth and villous
height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and the ileum (P >
0.05). There was a significant interaction between laminarin
and fucoidan supplementation on the molar proportion of
isobutyric acid (P < 0.05) in the caecum. Pigs offered the
fucoidan diet had a higher molar proportion of isobutyric acid
compared with the control. However, there was no effect
of fucoidan when laminarin was added. Pigs offered the
fucoidan supplemented diets had a lower molar proportion
of acetic acid (0.531 vs. 0.560, s.e. ± 0.0084, P < 0.05) in
the colon compared to pigs offered diets without fucoidan
supplementation. Overall, the increase in villous height
and villous height to crypt depth ratio obtained suggest
that laminarin may provide a dietary means to improve gut
health in weaned pigs.
Key words: laminarin, fucoidan, intestinal morphology
2023 Porcine-derived mixed bacterial culture induces
an innate immune repsonse in gnotobiotic piglets. R.
B. Harvey,* K. J. Genovese, H. He, and D. J. Nistet, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service,
Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX
USA.
Our laboratory has developed a porcine derived mixed
bacterial culture (CF) isolated from the ceca of a healthy,
pathogen free pig. The CF culture has been shown to protect
neonatal and weaned pigs from infection and disease
caused by Salmonella and E. coli. However, the mechanism
of action of protection from pathogens observed with the
CF culture remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests that
the initial interactions between the host and its microflora
soon after birth aid in the development of the immune
system of neonates and in “tolerance” or acceptance of
the host’s microflora. To this end, in the present study, 40
piglets from 4 sows were delivered by caesarian section