XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
and 3,029 kcal/kg and those in PKM were 3,043, 3,005
and 2,959 kcal/kg, respectively. As-fed basis and/or DM
basis of DE, ME and MEn in CM was slightly higher than
PKM when 2 ingredients were supplemented in growing
pigs′ diet. The ME to DE ratios of CM and PKM were
calculated at 94.7 and 98.5%, respectively. Consequently,
CM and PKM have similar metabolizable energy values in
growing pigs; however, nutrient digestibility varied among
ingredients.
Key words: metabolizable energy, copra meal, palm kernel
meal
1089 high vs. low amylose starch increases methane
and volatile fatty acid production and reduces
energy retention in pigs. J. L. Yanez* 1,2 , S. Moehn 1 , R. O.
Ball 1 , T. A. T.G. van Kempen 3 , and R. T. Zijlstra 1 , 1 University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2 Universidad
Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México, 3 North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Caroline, United States.
The energy contribution of starch is usually considered
constant among starch types. However, starch chemistry
can impact its kinetics of digestion and fermentation and
thus net energy content. In a double 4 × 4 Latin square,
pigs were fed 4 diets containing 70% purified starch (S1,
S2, S3 and S4 with 0, 20, 28 and 63% amylose; reflected
by in vitro maximal digestion rate; 1.06, 0.73, 0.38, and
0.22%/min, respectively), casein and fishmeal; TiO 2 was
added as indigestible marker. Eight barrows (40.7 ± 2.08
kg BW) were fed 4 diets at 2.8 × maintenance of DE in 4
7-d periods. Feces were collected on d 6 and immediately
stored at −20°C for digestibility or at −80°C for VFA
analyses. Pigs were transferred into indirect calorimetry
chambers (184 × 78 × 102 cm) configured with stabilized
gas analyzers. Then, readings were obtained for 24 h
on d 7 to measure O 2 consumption, and CO 2 and CH 4
production. Diet and achieved feed intake were included
in the statistical model. The O 2 consumption was higher
(P < 0.05) for S3, intermediate for S4 and lowest for S1
and S2. The CO 2 production was higher (P < 0.05) for S3
than S1, S2 and S4. The CH 4 was similar (P < 0.01) at
0.012 L/min for S1 to S3, then higher (P < 0.01) to 0.34
L/min for S4. Heat production was higher (P < 0.05) 16.7
MJ/d for S3, intermediate 15.7 MJ/d for S4 and lower for
S1 and S2 14.9 and 15.1 MJ/d, respectively. The ATTD of
energy and DE content was similar for rapidly to moderate
slowly digestible starch but was reduced (P < 0.05) by
8% for slowly digestible starch. Reducing rate of starch
digestion increased (P < 0.05) concentration in fecal (wet)
matter butyrate, valerate and caproate indicating increased
starch fermentation. Increasing amylose or reducing rate of
starch in vitro digestion gradually reduced (P < 0.05) diet
NE content from 12.6 MJ/kg for S1 and S2, via 11.3 for S3
to 10.8 MJ/kg for S4. In conclusion, high amylose starch
increased CH 4 production and reduced NE content due to
increased fermentation instead of digestion.
Key words: energy, pig, starch
1090 Influence on the ileal and fecal digestibility of
forage inclusion in the diet. H. Jørgensen,* D. Carlson,
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
73
Session II
and H. N. Lærke, Aarhus University, Department of animal
Science, Foulum, Denmark.
Forage, which is mainly characterized by a high content
of dietary fiber, is a potential feedstuff or additive for
monogastric animals to improve health and sustainability.
The present study aimed to study the ileal and fecal
digestibility of 3 forages (Clover grass, Clover grass
silage and Pea-Barley silage) supplemented to a basal
diet. A total of 24 pigs, adapted to eating forages by
supplemented with clover grass silage from weaning,
were fitted with a T-cannulas at the terminal ileum at
approximate 30 kg LW. For each of the 3 types of forage, 2
balance trials with 4 weeks interval were carried out. Two
pigs in each test were fed the basal diet while 6 others
were fed the basal diet plus forage throughout the whole
experiment. The forages were offered the pigs the first 40
min at each feeding thereafter removed and the basal diet
supplied. After the last collection, the pigs were sacrificed
and digesta collected from the digestive tract 3 h after
the morning meal. The intake of forages was relative low
and quite variable and accounted on average for only
10–12% of the daily dry matter intake. Ileal digestibility
estimated by collection from the T-cannulas was higher
than the digestibility estimated by the slaughter technique
indicating some separation of the digesta collected from
the T-cannulas. The forages had, as expected, a lower
DM and energy digestibility than the basal diet (P < 0.05).
The fresh clover grass had a higher energy digestibility
than the 2 silages (60 vs 48%, P < 0.05). Inclusion of 10%
of gross energy in the diet from clover grass reduced the
rations energy digestibility relatively by 2.2%, while clover
grass silage and the pea-barley silage lead to reductions
of 3.4 and 5.0% (P < 0.05), respectively. In organic pig
production forages like the ones used in the present study
can play an important role in satiety and rooting behavior.
However, the contribution to the overall energy supply is
limited.
Key words: roughage, energy value, fibrous feedstuff
1091 Digestive utilization of diets with low or high
level of fibers in pigs divergently selected for residual
feed intake. L. Montagne 1,2 , M. Le Gall* 1,2 , and H. Gilbert 3,4 ,
1 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35000 Rennes,
France, 2 INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, 35590 St-Gilles,
France, 3 INRA, UMR1313 GABI, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas,
France, 4 INRA, UMR444 LGC, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan,
France.
Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between
observed and theoretical daily feed intake (DFI) estimated
from maintenance and production requirements. Genetic
selection to lower RFI is considered to improve feed
efficiency. Divergent selection on RFI was conducted
for 6 generations in 2 Large White lines: the RFI+
consumed more feed than predicted compared with
the RFI–. Metabolism and activity could contribute to
RFI differences between the lines. Digestion has been
previously reported not to differ between these lines
when pigs were fed a regular diet. This study aimed to
determine the digestibility coefficients of a high fiber (244