XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
doubled in the CLA group (17.6 vs. 7.8%; respectively; P
= 0.04). Copious milk production was initiated 33 h [CLA]
and 34 h [CON] after parturition and was not affected by
dietary treatments (P = 0.41). Sow milk yield was improved
by the CLA treatment from d 3 to 14 of lactation (P = 0.03).
Weight at birth (1.39 kg for both groups; P = 0.98) and at
weaning (8.2 kg [CLA] and 8.0 kg [CON]; P = 0.52) was
not statistically different. In conclusion, trans-10, cis-12
CLA inhibited colostrum production but improved the milk
production in early lactation. These data suggest that
feeding sows a transition diet and a lactation diet from early
lactation to weaning with distinct fatty acid composition will
improve the productivity of sows and piglets.
Key words: lactating sows, piglet survival, sow productivity
3056 enteral formula feeding has limited effects on
gut adaptation in newborn pigs just after intestinal
resection. L. B. Aunsholt 2 , B. Stoll 3 , A. Vegge 1 , N. Qvist 2 ,
T. Eriksen 1 , D. G. Burrin 3 , P. T. Sangild 1 , and T. Thymann* 1 ,
1 Department of Human Nutrition, University of Copenhagen,
DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark, 2 Odense University
Hospital, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark, 3 Childrens
Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Patients subjected to intestinal resection are generally
supported with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the acute
postoperative phase. However, little is known of whether
addition of minimal enteral nutrition stimulates intestinal
function in the acute postoperative phase in jejunostomy
patients without a functional colon. We tested the hypothesis
that enteral nutrition supplement improves gut adaptation
relative to TPN alone. Three-day-old piglets were equipped
with jugular catheters and subjected to resection of the
distal 50% of the small intestine. The remnant intestine was
exteriorized on the flank where a stoma was established.
They were subsequently allocated to groups receiving 7 d
of either TPN alone (TPN, n = 8) or TPN and enteral nutrition
with an artificial milk formula (TPN+FORM, n = 11). Enteral
nutrition was initiated at 2 mL/kg/3h and increased to 8 mL/
kg/3h by d 3 after resection. On d 6 after resection, all pigs
were fed formula at 10 mL/kg/2h for 24 h and stoma output
was quantified in this period. Finally, as an indicator of gut
permeability, an oral bolus of lactulose and mannitol was
given on d 7, and their levels were determined in a urinary
sample taken 3 h later. The enteral diet was well tolerated
and the two groups showed similar body weight increase
(166±71 vs. 204±72 g), similar weight of the remnant small
intestine and similar weight of all other organs (heart,
lungs, liver, kidney, spleen and colon) relative to body
weight (all P > 0.05). Likewise, similar values were found
for stoma output during 24 h (mean 165±20 g) and specific
activities of digestive enzymes (lactase, maltase, sucrase,
aminopeptidase A and N and dipeptidylpeptidase) and
urinary lactulose/mannitol ratios (all P > 0.05). Adaptation
of the remnant intestine in a neonatal jejunostomy model of
short bowel syndrome, does not appear to be responsive
to minimal enteral nutrition using an artificial milk formula.
A functional colon, more long term feeding, or use of highly
trophic diets, may be required to induce intestinal adaptation
after distal intestinal resection in neonates.
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
141
Key words: SBS, adaptation, resection
Session VII
3057 effects of processing technologies combined
with cell wall degrading enzymes on in vitro degradability
of DDGS. S. de Vries* 1 , A. M. Pustjens 2 , H. A.
Schols 2 , M. A. Kabel 2 , and W. J. J. Gerrits 1 , 1 Animal Nutrition
Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The
Netherlands, 2 Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen,
The Netherlands.
Effects of processing technologies and cell wall degrading
enzymes on degradation of Distillers Dried Grains with
Solubles from maize (DDGS) during in vitro digestion
simulation were tested in a 5*2 factorial arrangement:
5 technologies (unprocessed, wet-milling, extrusion,
autoclaving, and acid-autoclaving), with or without
enzymes (xylanases and β-glucanases; 2.5mL/g).
Digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract (adapted
Boisen methodology) and subsequent, large intestinal
fermentation (gas production) were simulated in duplicate.
Wet-milling and extrusion increased dry matter (DM) and
protein disappearance during Boisen incubation compared
with the unprocessed control, whereas acid-autoclaving
was only effective in combination with enzymes (Table 1).
Non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) disappearance was not
affected by processing technology nor enzyme addition.
Processing technologies and enzyme addition did not
affect rate and extent of fermentation of Boisen residues.
In conclusion, wet-milling and extrusion improved DM and
protein digestion, but not NSP solubilisation of DDGS during
Boisen incubation. Fermentability of Boisen residues was
not affected by processing technologies nor addition of cell
wall degrading enzymes. This illustrates that processing
technologies may improve small intestinal digestion of
DDGS rather than fermentation. The cell wall structure of
DDGS was resistant to the processing technologies and cell
wall degrading enzymes used in this study. Possibly more
severe processing technologies are required to untangle
the cell wall structure of DDGS.
Table 1. Effect of processing technology (T) and enzymes (E) on
disappearance (%) of dry matter (DM), protein, and nonstarch
polysaccharides (NSP) during Boisen incubation of distillers dried
grains with solubles from maize.
DM
Protein NSP
Enzyme:
Processing
method
No Yes No Yes No Yes
Unprocessed 43d 49abcd 60cd 66bc 23 27
Wet-milling 51ab 51ab 72ab 73ab 34 26
Extrusion 52ab 54a 71ab 75a 28 27
Autoclaving 43cd 47bcd 53d 58d Acid-
29 30
autoclaving 45cd 49abc 66bc 67b 16 28
SEM 1.8 2.3 5.2
T