XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
3016 Relationship between gut-derived endotoxin and
postpartum dysgalaxia syndrome in sows. D. Guillou* 1 ,
V. Demey 1 , F. Chaucheyras-Durand 1,2 , and Y. Le Treut 1 ,
1 LALLEMAND SAS, Blagnac, France, 2 INRA UR454, St-
Genes Champanelle, France.
Endotoxin released by Gram-negative bacteria in the sow
gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) has been suggested to play
a role in the postpartum dysgalaxia syndrome (PDS).
To study the fate of bacterial endotoxin from the GIT to
bloodstream and their potential transfer to the milk, a trial
was conducted in a farm with chronic PDS incidence. Sows
were housed individually, blocked by parity and weight 3
weeks before expected parturition. A control group (C, n =
11) was compared with a group (n = 15) fed supplemental
Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) at the rate of 2 × 10 9 cfu /kg
feed. Symptoms related to PDS were evaluated twice daily:
constipation, behavior, udder aspect, vulvae fluid loss, rectal
temperature (RT) and presence of neonatal diarrhea in the
litter (ND). Fecal and blood samples were taken from each
sow 10 and 2 d before expected parturition, then 3 and 21
d postpartum. Colostrum was sampled during the farrowing
process and milk was sampled 1, 3 and 6 d postpartum. All
samples were stored frozen in endotoxin-free tubes after
adequate pre-treatment and transferred to the laboratory
for endotoxin analysis using LAL chromogenic EndPoint
Assays. Occurrence of PDS symptoms was related to
treatment with Chi 2 statistics. Endotoxin content in feces,
blood and milk were log-transformed to meet normality
prior ANOVA. Frequency of sows exhibiting high rectal
temperature tended to decrease in SB group (P = 0.09),
and combining high RT with presence of ND referred to
sows from C group only. Treatment didn’t significantly affect
endotoxin content in sow feces, blood, colostrum, milk.
However, sows with both high RT and ND had significantly
higher endotoxin in the colostrum (133 vs. 26 ng/mL, P =
0.02). Negative correlation (−0.48, P = 0.042) was observed
between endotoxin level in feces and blood 2 d before
farrowing and a positive correlation was found between
content in colostrum and blood taken 2 d post-farrowing
(+0.51, P = 0.026). These data support the relationship
between endotoxin derived from intestinal bacteria and
PDS.
Key words: endotoxin, colostrum, live yeast
3017 Short- and long-term effects of maternal antibiotic
treatment around parturition on gut defence function.
M. E. Arnal* 1 , J. Zhang 2 , S. Mroz 1 , S. Messori 3 , and O.
Perez-Gutteriez 2 , 1 INRA, INRA, UR1341 ADNC, F-35590
Saint-Gilles, France, 2 Wageningen University, Laboratory
of Microbiology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands,
3 Bologna University, DIPROVAL, Bologna University,
Bologna, Italy.
The microbiota influences host gut function throughout life
and is sensitive to diet. Evidence suggest that dysbiosis
of the gut microbiota is related to various diseases,
including gut inflammation and obesity. However, little
is known on the effects of early disturbances in neonatal
bacterial colonization on intestinal defense systems.
We hypothesized that peripartum antibiotic treatment of
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
122
Session V
mothers alters their fecal microbiota composition, which,
in turn affects offspring gut function. This was tested in
sows (11 antibiotic, ATBQ) treated with amoxicillin (40
mg/kg BW/d) orally around parturition (day −10 to +21)
(12 controls, untreated). Offspring (1/sow/time) were
slaughtered at d 14, 28 (weaning) and 42 (short-term). At
5 mo of age, pairs of offspring of similar BW within litters
from each sows’ group (10 pairs/treatment) were randomly
offered a low (LF, 2%) or high (HF, 11%) fat diet for 4 weeks
(long-term). Jejunal and ileal tissues were collected at
slaughter and analyzed for HSPs, IAP, dipeptidyl-peptidase
IV (DDP4) and sucrase (maturation index). Molecular
analysis of sows’ feces confirmed pronounced changes in
the microbiota (decreased relative abundance of lactobacilli
and increase of Bacteroidetes, P < 0.05). Short-term effects
were more marked in offspring ileum. IAP was transiently
reduced at d14 (P < 0.01) and DPP4 transiently increased
at d28 (P < 0.05). HSP70 was strongly reduced at d28 and
d42 in ATBQ offspring (P < 0.01). HSP27 was unaffected.
Long-term effects were more pronounced in the jejunum.
IAP was still depressed (P < 0.05) and DPP4 was higher
(P < 0.01) in ATBQ offspring. Sucrase was lower in ATBQ
offspring fed LF than in C-LF and higher in ATBQ-HF than
in C-HF (interaction, P < 0.05). Jejunal and ileal tissue
levels of HSP27 and HSP70 were unaffected by early
treatment or adult diet. To conclude, our data show that
early disturbances in gut microbiota colonization affect
specific components of gut function in the short and longterms,
sometimes in interaction with the diet in adulthood.
Underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of intestinal
imprinting by the microbiota remain to be investigated.
Key words: HSP, alkaline phosphatase, antibiotics
3018 Body composition of piglets from sows fed the
leucine metabolite β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB)
in late gestation. C. Flummer* 1 , N. B. Kristensen 1,2 , and P.
K. Theil 1 , 1 Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University,
Tjele, Denmark, 2 Syddansk Kvæg, Vojens, Denmark.
It has been shown that supplementation of the leucine
metabolite β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) to sow diets
during late gestation or lactation improved piglet health,
survival, and growth. This study aimed to investigate the
effect of HMB supplementation to late-gestating sows,
on body characteristics of piglets. Control sows (CON)
(n = 3) were fed a standard lactation diet from d 15 from
parturition and throughout the experiment. Sows fed diets
supplemented with HMB (n = 2) were fed the control diet,
with 15 mg Ca(HMB) 2 /kg BW mixed in the morning meal
from d 10 from farrowing until parturition. A total of 55
piglets were weaned at d 28, weighed and enriched with
D 2 O to assess water mass. Blood samples were collected
and piglets were euthanized. The weight of heart, stomach,
liver, spleen, kidneys, cecum and small (SI) and large (LI)
intestines as well as intestinal lengths, were recorded.
Contents of dry matter, ash and protein (N × 6.25) of empty
carcass were analyzed, and body fat content calculated.
Two litters were treated for diarrhea, which was included
in the statistical model. Weight at birth and d28 were not
affected by maternal HMB supplementation (P > 0.4).
The total weight of SI of the HMB piglets was 15% lighter