XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
The PCR analysis showed that the COS supplementation
enriched (P < 0.05) the amounts of Lactobacillus in ileum
and Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in cecum, while
suppressed (P < 0.05) the amounts of Peptostreptococcus
in ileum and Peptostreptococcus and Escherichia in
cecum. Collectively, these findings suggested that the
COS may improve protein metabolism marginally, and
enhance intestinal health by regulating the intestinal flora in
Huanjiang mini-piglets.
Key words: pigs, digestion and absorption, intestinal flora
1008 Soybean oligosaccharides alter short-chain
fatty acid production and microbial population of colon
in vitro. X. L. Zhou 1,2 , X. F. Kong 1 , and Y. L. Yin* 1 , 1 Huanjiang
Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems,
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Changsha,Hunan 410125, China, 2 Key Laboratory
of Food Science and Technology, College of Life
Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang
330047, China.
This study was conducted to determine the fermentation
characteristics of soybean oligosaccharides (SBOS) in an
in vitro system. Colon digesta collected from Huanjiang
mini-pigs was used as the inoculums, and SBOS (0.2 g per
10 fermentation broth) was used as the substrate during
the in vitro fermentation. At the same time, the inoculum or
inoculum plus glucose (0.2 g per fermentation broth) were
used as negative or positive controls, respectively. Each
group was accurately weighed in 3 replicates. The slurry
was fermented for 48 h in an anaerobic, gas production
recording was taken after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 36, 42 or 48 h of incubation by referring
to the moving scale on the plunger of the glass syringes,
and then fermentation kinetic parameters, pH value, NH3-N
content, short chain fat acids (SCFA) levels and microbial
community in the fermentation broth were determined. Our
data showed that the maximum volume and gas production
rate in the SBOS-supplemented group were higher (P
< 0.05), and the lag time of gas production in SBOS- or
glucose-supplemented groups were lower (P < 0.05) than
the free-supplemented group; the pH value and NH3-N
content in fermentation broth supplemented with SBOS
were lower (P < 0.05) than the free-supplemented group;
the SCFA contents in the SBOS- or glucose-supplemented
groups were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the freesupplemented
group, the maximum content of butyrate
acid was found in colon supplemented with SBOS. SBOS
increased (P < 0.05) the microbial diversity and population
of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while decreased (P <
0.05) Escherichia and Streptococcus when compared with
the free-supplemented group based on real-time fluorescent
quantitative PCR and terminal restriction fragment length
polymorphism analysis. These findings suggested that
the SBOS, as a functional dietary ingredient, can be
selectively fermented by beneficial commensal bacteria in
colon, improve the gut microbiota balance and modulate its
metabolism.
Key words: pigs, digestion and absorption, soybean
oligosacch
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
41
Session I
1009 Effect of a bacterial endo-1,4-β-xylanase on
ammonia emission in pigs. R. Mombaerts 1 , A. Goderis* 1 ,
and R. Geers 2 , 1 NUTREX NV, Lille, Belgium, 2 Catholic University
of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Ammonia emission from pig husbandry originates mainly
from urea which is converted by bacterial urease into NH 3
and CO 2 . It was hypothized that bacterial endo-1,4-βxylanase
(Nutrase Xyla) can reduce NH 3 emission. These
xylanases have a superior ability to breakdown both WE-
and WU-AX into AXOS thereby stimulating fermentation
which increases the content of N fixed in bacterial protein.
Some ureum may enter the colon to meet the higher
bacterial N-demand. This may partly shift excretion of N via
urine to feces which may decrease NH3 emission. Seventy
pigs (21.5 ± 2.1 kg) were allocated to 12 pens and each
of 6 pens received a control diet or the contro diet + 100
ppm Nutrase Xyla. Body weight and FI were recorded and
analyzed with a linear model, based on the R 2 value, root
MSE and the distribution of residuals. On d 27, 4 barrows
of each group (42 ± 3.02 kg) were housed individually
during 2 consecutive periods of 14 d. During the last 4 d of
each period, feces and urine were collected and quantified
individually. Those 4 barrows that received the control diet
during the 1st period, changed to the xylanase-diet during
the 2nd period and vice versa. After each period, urine and
feces were mixed to measure NH 3 . A fixed volume of slurry
was transferred into a flowunit. Air was blown over the slurry
surface. A fixed volume of the NH 3 -containing outgoing
air was passed through a solution of H 2 SO 4 to measure
NH 3 using a photospectrometer. The xylanase group had
a higher daily gain (718 g/d vs 706 g/d) and lower FCR
(2.78 vs 2.82) compared with the control pigs (P > 0.05).
In both periods, excretion of fecal-N/kg FI was higher for
the xylanase group compared with the control group (5674
vs 5340 and 4602 vs 4317 mg N/kg FI resp.; P > 0.05).
Nutrase Xyla decreased NH3 emission by 9% compared
with the control group (3.95 vs 3.60 ppmv; P > 0.05). The
higher fecal N-excretion in the xylanase group is unlikely to
be caused by the lower fecal protein digestibility, because
Nutrase Xyla improved ADG and FCR compared with
the control group. It is concluded that the higher fecal-N
excretion, and consequently the lower NH3 emission, is
caused by a shift in urinary-N to fecal-N excretion.
Key words: endo-1,4-β-xylanase, ammonia, AXOS
1010 The influence of grinding intensity and compaction
of diets on the microbial community in the gastrointestinal
tract of young pigs. J. Bullermann 1 , S. J.
Sander* 1 , M. Arlinghaus 1 , J. Verspohl 2 , and J. Kamphues 1 ,
1 Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine,
Hannover, Germany, 2 Institute for Microbiology, University
of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
The aim of this study was to evaluate potential effects of
grinding intensity (coarse, fine) and compaction (meal,
pellet, extrudate) on the counts of lactobacilli, streptococci/
enterococci and coliform bacteria as selected microbial
groups in the content of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of
young pigs. A total of 60 weaned piglets (33 d, 8.0 ± 1.0
kg body weight) were divided into 4 groups with 15 animals