XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
1075 effects of molasses supplementation on growth
performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics,
fecal moisture, fecal noxious gas emission, and
meat quality in finishing pigs. S. M. Hong,* J. Li, J. H.
Cho, and I. H. Kim, Department of Animal Resource & Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South
Korea.
Molasses, the by-products of the sugar cane, is widely used
as a cereal substitute in livestock feeds. Final cane molasses
(“C” molasses) can be an effective energy substitute for
cereals, despite its laxative effect. A total of 120 finishing
pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, BW = 54.21 ± 2.62
kg] were used in a 10–week feeding trial to evaluate the
effect of dietary molasses. Pigs were randomly assigned to
1 of 3 dietary treatments on the basis of BW (10 replicate
pens per treatment with 4 pigs per pen). Dietary treatments
were: CON, basal diet; T1, CON + 2.5% molasses; T2,
CON + 5.0% molasses. All diets were formulated to meet
or exceed the NRC requirements for finishing pigs. Each
pen was equipped with a 1–sided self–feeder and a nipple
drinker, pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and
water throughout the experimental period. Chromic oxide
(0.20%) was added to calculate the ATTD of DM and N.
Blood samples were taken by anterior vena cava puncture
at wk 0, 5, and 10. The concentrations of RBC, WBC, and
lymphocyte counts were evaluated utilizing an automatic
blood analyzer. Longissimus muscle sample was obtained
at the 10th rib for the determination of L*, a*, b*, WHC, pH,
LMA, drip loss, and cooking loss. Fresh feces and urine
samples were collected at the end of wk 5 and 10, and stored
in 2.6–L plastic boxes to determinate the concentration of
NH3 and acetic acid emissions. Growth performance and
nutrient digestibility did not differ (P > 0.05) among dietary
treatments. The lymphocyte percentage in T1 was 10.50%
higher (P < 0.05) than that in CON (69.78% vs 63.15%)
at wk 10, but the concentrations of RBC and WBC did not
differ (P > 0.05). Application of molasses did not change (P
> 0.05) meat quality, fecal noxious gas emission, and fecal
moisture. In conclusion, supplementation of 2.5% molasses
increased blood lymphocyte percentage, but did not affect
growth performance, fecal gas emissions, and meat quality
in finishing pigs.
Key words: growth performance, molasses, finishing pigs
1076 effects of phytase with different calcium and
phosphorous density diet on growth performance,
nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal noxious gas
emission, and meat quality in finishing pigs. L. Yan,*
Z. F. Zhang, J. P. Wang, J. H. Cho, and I. H. Kim, Department
of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University,
Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea.
A total of 112 finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc,
BW = 57.1 ± 2.34 kg] were used in a 10-week growth trial
to evaluate the effects of phytase in diets with different
Ca and P density . Dietary treatments were: 1) T1, CON
(0.65% Ca, 0.60% P); 2) T2, CON + 0.01% phytase (0.60%
Ca, 0.55% P); 3) T3, CON + 0.015% phytase (0.55% Ca,
P 0.50%), and 4) T4, CON + 0.02% phytase (0.50% Ca,
0.45% P). The activity of phytase was 5,000 FTU. There
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
68
Session II
were 7 replicate pens per treatment with 4 pigs per pen.
Chromic oxide (0.20%) was added to calculate the ATTD
of DM, N, energy, Ca, and P. Blood samples were taken at
wk 5 and 10 to evaluate the concentrations of RBC, WBC,
lymphocyte counts, Ca, and P. Longissimus muscle sample
was obtained for the determination of L*, a*, b*, color,
marbling, firmness, WHC, pH, LMA, drip loss, and cooking
loss. Fresh feces and urine were collected at the end of wk
5 and 10 to determinate the concentration of NH 3 , H 2 S, total
mercaptans, and acetic acid emissions. Final BW was 2.7%
and 2.3% increased (P < 0.05) in T2 and T3 compared with
T1. During 0–5 wk and the overall period, pigs fed the T2
and T3 diets had a 7.7% (T2, 0–5 wk), 7.0% (T3, 0–5 wk),
5.6% (T2, 0–10 wk), and 4.9% (T3, 0–10 wk) higher (P <
0.05) ADG than those fed T1 diet. The concentrations of
serum inorganic phosphorus in T2 and T3 were 21% and
18% higher (P < 0.05) than that in T1 at 5 week. At the end
of 10 week, the NH 3 emission was 15% (T3, d 3), 18% (T4,
d 3), 11% (T3, d 5), and 14% (T4, d 5) higher (P < 0.05) in
T1 than that in T3 and T4 on d 3 and d 5. Total mercaptans
emission was 9.0% higher (P < 0.05) in T4 than T1 on d 5,
and the H 2 S emission in T4 was 18% and 17% lower (P <
0.05) than those in T1 and T2. The H 2 S emission was 7.8%
and 9.9% decreased (P < 0.05) in T3 and T4 compared
with T1 on d 7. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with
phytase improved growth performance and decreased
fecal noxious gas emission in finishing pigs.
Key words: phytase, growth performance, finishing pigs
1077 effects of sericite supplementation on apparent
total tract digestibility, blood profiles, and odor
gas emission from manure in growing pigs. P. Y. Zhao,*
J. H. Jung, J. H. Cho, and I. H. Kim, Department of Animal
Resource & Science, Dankook University, Cheonan,
Choongnam, South Korea.
Sericite is typically defined as a fine-grained type of either
of the minerals muscovite or paragonite. It has a very
wide range of uses for rubber, plastics, coatings, paints,
ceramics, insulation, cosmetics, paint, paper making,
metallurgy and other industries. A total of 3 barrows
[(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, BW = 25.48 ± 0.57 kg]
were used in this trial to determine the effects of sericite
supplementation on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD),
blood profiles, and odor gas emission from manure. Pigs
were fed 3 diets (0, 0.5, and 1.0% sericite) for 3 periods
in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. The barrows were housed
individually in stainless steel metabolic cage (1.2 × 0.6 m)
in a temperature controlled room (28°C). Pigs were fed
twice daily (08:00 and 20:00, equal portion at each meal).
The daily feed allowance was 0.05 × BW 0.9 , and BW was
checked before each period started. Water was provided
for ad libitum. Each period lasted 7 d, and the initial 5 d was
an adaptation period to the diet. Chromic oxide was added
(0.20%) in the diets as an indigestible marker to apparent
digestibility determinations throughout the experiment.
Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end
of each period 24 h after a meal for the determination of
serum Fe and total iron-binding capacity. The inclusion
of sericite increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of DM and N
compared with CON group. No difference was observed (P