XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
Three experimental diets were prepared: 1) positive control
(PC; 0.52% available P), regular sow diet containing
inorganic P; 2) negative control (NC; 0.20% available P)
without inorganic P; and 3) NC plus 500 U of phytase/kg
diet. Each diet was offered to 15 randomly selected sows
for 21 d (from 5 d before farrowing to 15 d post farrowing).
At d 15 post farrowing, ATTD of P did not differ between PC
and NC. Supplementation of phytase to the NC increased
(P < 0.001) the ATTD of P from 32 to 48%, but did not affect
(P > 0.05) the ATTD of crude protein and Ca. Plasma P
concentration was reduced (P < 0.05) by 0.5 mmol/L in
sows fed NC instead of PC, while phytase supplementation
increased (P < 0.05) plasma P by 0.2 mmol/L. Diet did not
affect plasma Na, K, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mb, urea,
creatinine, glucose, total protein, albumin and globulin or
sow BW changes and piglet ADG during lactation. Plasma
variables were in normal physiological range. In conclusion,
phytase supplementation increased P digestibility with the
potential to reduce P excretion in lactating sows.
Key words: phosphorus, phytase, sow
1056 effects of particle size and heat treatment of soybean
meal on standardized ileal digestibility of amino
acids in growing pigs. U. Messerschmidt* 1 , M. Eklund 1 , V.
T. S. Rist 1 , P. Rosenfelder 1 , H. K. Spindler 1 , J. K. Htoo 2 , and
R. Mosenthin 1 , 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of
Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany, 2 Evonik Industries,
63457 Hanau, Germany.
A study with growing barrows was conducted to evaluate
the effects of variations in particle size and degree
of heat treatment during processing on standardized
ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in soybean meal (SBM). A
commercial SBM batch was visually identified to be overheated
due to its brownish color, and was separated into
a fine and coarse fraction by using a 1-mm mesh sieve. In
addition, 3 SBM were produced from 1 batch of soybean and
exposed to different processing conditions (temperature
and direct steam contact), referred to as mild (105°C; 34
min), medium (112°C; 45 min) and strong (139°C; 7 min).
Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA, g pure trypsin inhibited/kg of
sample, DM) amounted to 2.2, 2.4, 10.8, 2.7 and 8.3 for the
fine, coarse, mild, medium and strong SBM, respectively.
In total, 5 SBM-cornstarch based diets were formulated
to contain SBM as the sole source of dietary protein. An
N-free diet was fed to determine basal ileal endogenous
AA losses. This experiment was conducted according
to a 6 × 6 Latin Square design using 6 barrows (German
Landrace × Piétrain) with an initial BW of 23 kg. Animals
were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum.
Diets were fed in mash form at 35 g (as-fed)/kg average
BW. Each period included 5 d adaptation to the diet and 2
d for digesta collection. With increasing particle size, SID of
His, Asp, Glu and Pro increased (P < 0.05), whereas SID
of the other AA did not differ between the fine and coarse
fraction (P > 0.05). Lower SID values in the fine compared
with the coarse SBM fraction indicate more pronounced
heat damage possibly due to their enlarged surface area.
The SID of AA was considerably lower (P < 0.001) for mild
and strong compared with medium toasted SBM, with SID
values for most AA ranging between 18 to 35 percentage
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
61
Session II
units below those obtained for medium toasted SBM. These
differences in SID are reflected in varying contents of TIA
and reactive Lys, with lowest level of TIA and high level of
reactive Lys in medium toasted SBM due to a more optimal
processing condition in terms of temperature and duration
of heat treatment.
Key words: amino acid digestibility, pig, soybean meal
1057 Prececal digestibility of various sources of
starch (wheat, rice, potato, maize, pea) in minipigs
with or without experimentally induced lack of exocrine
pancreatic function. A. Moesseler* 1 , N. Kramer 1 , C.
Becker 1 , P. C. Gregory 2 , and J. Kamphues 1 , 1 Institute of Animal
Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover,
Foundation, Germany, Hannover, Germany, 2 Abbott Products
GmbH (Germany), Hannover Germany.
Low prececal digestibility (prc dig) of starch increases
starch flux into the hindgut, causing prebiotic effects
(lower Salmonella prevalence but also energy losses and
meteorism). In case of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
(EPI), the lack of pancreatic amylase can be compensated
to a high extent by hindgut fermentation. Even in pigs
with complete loss of exocrine pancreatic function, starch
digestion over the entire tract is reaching levels of controls.
Eight minipigs, with an ileo-cecal re-entrant fistula, were
used. In 5 pigs the pancreatic duct was ligated (PL) to induce
EPI, 3 served as controls (C). Different starch sources were
tested in a screening-test, and the term disappearance rate
(DR) was used. Test meal consisted of 175 g complete diet
(CD; consisting of wheat semolina, polished rice, potato
starch, maize starch, poultry meal, fish meal, casein and
cellulose) plus 75 g of test starch (raw purified starch,
without thermal treatment) and Cr2O3. Test meal (including
added starch) contained (% DM): 67 starch, 1.7 crude fat,
15 crude protein; 2.0 crude fiber; 0.25 Cr 2 O 3 . For PL, prc
dig of starch was lower (P ≤ 0.05) for all starch sources
than for C. In C, prc DR of starch was almost complete
(~90%) but was lower (P ≤ 0.05) for potato starch (75.4 ±
4.61%). Prc DR of starch was highest in PL for wheat starch
(61.2%), while DR of maize starch was lower (P ≤ 0.05).
Most values ranged between 40 and 50% and was lowest
for rice starch (33.4 ± 14.7%). Raw potato starch may have
prebiotic effects in healthy pigs. In patients with EPI, it is of
special interest to maximize energy supply and minimize
side effects of bacterial fermentation. Interestingly, ranking
of starch DR differed between C and PL; thus, this study
clearly underlines the need for investigations on patients
when trying to optimize diet formulation. Wheat starch
seems to be most favorable under the aspect of high prc
DR for patients with EPI.
Key words: starch digestion, prececal, EPI
1058 Endogenous nitrogen losses (prececal and
total) in pigs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
(experimentally induced by pancreatic duct ligation). A.
Moesseler* 1 , H. Loock 1 , J. Classen 1 , P. C. Gregory 2 , and
J. Kamphues 1 , 1 Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of
Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany,