XII - 12th International Symposium - Digestive Physiology of Pigs

Digestive
Physiology
of Pigs
J. J. Mallo* 1 , A. Balfagon 2 , M. I. Gracia 3 , M. Puyalto 1 , and P.
Honrubia 1 , 1 Norel S.A., Madrid, Spain, 2 SCA Iberica S.A.,
Mequinenza, Aragon, Spain, 3 Imasde Agroalimentaria S.L.,
Madrid, Spain.
The objective of these 2 tests was to compare 2 forms of
butyric acid (BA) protection on the liberation of BA along
the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in piglets. The 2 forms of
BA were: vegetable fat-encapsulated sodium butyrate
(SBE) and monoglyceride of butyric acid (MB). In the first
trial, 528 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age, divided and
assigned to 3 diets in 8 replicate pens of 22 piglets per pen
for 39 d. The 3 diets were 1) pre-starter and starter (C),
2) C+SBE, and 3) C+MB. Piglets fed C or C+SBE tended
to show higher body weight than piglets fed C+MB (18.74
or 18.66 vs. 17.82 kg; P = 0.0995) and average daily gain
(331 or 331 vs. 309 g/d; P = 0.0512). Feed intake and gain/
feed were not different among diets. In the second trial, 8
pens of 4 piglets each (4 pens/diet), weaned at 21 d, were
given either a standard post-weaning program with SBE
(2 g/kg) or MB (2 g/kg) for 28 d. Piglets received the same
amount of BA. At the end of the trial, one animal per pen
was euthanized and the concentration of BA and volatile
fatty acids (VFA) in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon
and cecum were quantified with HPLC. There were no
statistical differences in growth, feed intake, or gain/feed.
However, piglets fed SBE had higher concentration of VFA
in colon than those MB fed animals (8.24 vs 5.11 mmol/g
of BA; P = 0.032; 19.26 vs 11.49 mmol/g of propionic
acid; P = 0.12; 31.25 vs 15.42 mmol/g of acetic acid; P =
0.054; 29.44 vs 17.22 mmol/g of lactic acid; P = 0.027 and
58.75 vs 32.02 mmol/g of total VFA; P = 0.0477). There
were relevant numerical but non-statistically significant
differences in the rest of the GIT sections. It is concluded
that the addition of sodium butyrate encapsulated with
vegetable fat allows more BA to reach the distal sections
of the GIT than MB. The higher levels of VFA in the
intestine may be related to a negative correlation with
enterobacteria populations and a positive correlation with
lactic acid-producing bacteria.
Key words: butyric, coated, VFA
1119 Artificial sweeteners do not all increase glucose
absorption at the same level in piglets. A. Moran 1 , D.
Batchelor 1 , S. Shirazi-Beechey 1 , D. Bravo 2 , and C. Oguey* 2 ,
1 University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2 Pancosma
SA, Geneva, Switzerland.
Early weaning in piglets generates many intestinal
disorders such as impaired nutrient absorption, diarrhea
or dehydration. Various strategies were developed to
minimize these issues. It was previously shown that low
levels of a high intensity sweetener based on saccharin
and NHDC (SUCRAM ® , Pancosma) was detected by
intestinal sweet taste receptor, T1R2/T1R3 present in
enteroendocrine cells. This activated a pathway resulting
in the upregulation of intestinal Na + /glucose co-transporter
(SGLT1). As a consequence, glucose absorption was
increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate if
other artificial sweeteners had the same effect on SGLT1
expression. A total of 40 weaned piglets (28 d old) were fed
XII INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON
DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF PIGS
84
Session II
a diet free of any sweetener and allocated to one of the 5
treatments (n = 8). Animals were offered water containing
either no sweetener, sucralose (2 mM), cyclamate (10 mM),
aspartame (1 mM) or acesulfame K (10 mM). All groups
consumed the same amount of feed and water. After 3
d they were humanely euthanized. Levels of intestinal
SGLT1 mRNA abundance were measured. Results
showed that SGLT1 mRNA abundance was not modulated
by acesulfame K addition. However, SGLT1 expression
was increased for animals supplemented with sucralose
(2.73 folds, P = 0.003), cyclamate (3 folds, P ≤ 0.001) and
aspartame (2.8 folds, P ≤ 0.001) when compared with
unsupplemented piglets. These results demonstrate the
specificity of piglets sweet taste perception and that artificial
sweeteners do not induce the same physiological response
in the intestine. Consequently the lowest concentrations
of other artificial sweeteners able to promote glucose
absorption must be assessed before considering them as
feed supplements.
Key words: artificial sweeteners, glucose absorption,
piglets
1120 expression of the small intestinal Na-neutral
amino acid co-transporter B0AT1 (SLC6A19) in earlyweaned
pigs. Z. Wang 1 , C. Yang 2 , T. Archbold 3 , M. Hayhoe*
3 , K. Lien 4 , and M. Fan 3 , 1 Henan Agricultural University,
Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, 2 Lucta- Guangzhou
Flavors Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China,
3 University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario Canada, 4 University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
System-B0 Na-neutral AA co-transporter B0AT1 (SLC6A19)
plays a dominant role for intestinal apical uptake of neutral
AA. The objective of this study was to examine changes
in the gut B0AT1 expression in early-weaned compared
with suckling piglets. Yorkshire piglets (12 barrows and 12
gilts) at 10 d of age were obtained from 20 different sows
and used in this study. The weaning group of 12 piglets (6
barrows and 6 gilts) was fed on a corn and SBM-based
weaning diet, formulated according to NRC (1998), for 12
d. The other 12 piglets, including 6 barrows and 6 gilts as
a suckling control, were allowed to suckling with their sows
for 12 d. Proximal jejunal samples were collected at age
of 23 d. The jejunal tissue samples were partitioned into
apical membrane and cytosolic fractions by differential
centrifugation. Target gene protein abundances were
analyzed by Western blotting while their gene mRNA
relative abundances were measured by qRT-PCR with the
SYBR Green kit. Except Met, there were no differences (P
> 0.05) in the jejunal free neutral AA concentrations (nmo/
mg tissue protein) between the 2 groups. When expressed
by using β-actin as a housekeeping control, there were
no differences (P > 0.05) in B0AT1 protein abundances
in the jejunal homogenate, the apical membrane and the
cytosolic fraction between the weaning and the suckling
pigs. However, B0AT1 protein abundances in the jejunal
homogenate and the apical membrane were higher (P <
0.05) in the barrows than in the gilts. Although real time
RT-PCR analyses showed no difference (P > 0.05) in the
SLC6A19 mRNA abundance relative to β-actin between
the weaning and the suckling pigs, the SLC6A19 mRNA